The surface of the stainless steel pipe is covered by a thin, dense oxide film that is resistant to peeling. During the heating process in a furnace, stainless steel casting billets typically develop an oxide scale ranging from 0.2 to 0.3 millimeters thick. Surface defects within this range can generally be removed using iron oxide treatments. However, if these defects exceed this range and remain untreated, they will likely persist into the final product. It's worth noting that stainless steel casting billets are not commonly used to clean surface defects due to the risk of altering the composition and crystal structure of the billet during flame cleaning, which could compromise the corrosion resistance of the finished stainless steel pipe. Consequently, mechanical cleaning has become a standard and efficient method for treating stainless steel surfaces.
Common cleaning techniques include the use of an iron oxide cleaning machine, a water explosion tank, and a shot blasting machine.
1. **Iron Oxide Cleaning Machine**: This equipment primarily consists of steel brush rollers, driving mechanisms, high-pressure water systems, cooling water systems, and clamping devices. Two brush rollers with wires are mounted on the roller seats, rotating at high speeds in opposite directions to the casting billet. These rollers scrape away the iron oxide layer from the stainless steel pipe's surface. While effective for various steel types, the iron oxide cleaning machine doesn't always thoroughly remove all the oxide layers.
2. **Water Explosion Tank**: Utilizing room temperature circulating water as a cooling medium, the water explosion tank submerges the hot casting billet, employing the "water explosion" technique to strip the iron oxide layer. When water contacts the high-temperature billet, it instantly vaporizes, creating a powerful "explosion" of steam that impacts the billet’s surface, causing the oxide to flake off. Additionally, rapid cooling under high temperatures causes stress differences between the billet and its oxide layer, leading to fractures and detachment. The water explosion tank is cost-effective with minimal maintenance, but it is limited to certain austenitic stainless steels like 301 and 304.
3. **Shot Blasting Machine**: Commonly used for cleaning stainless steel pipes, the shot blasting machine includes components such as a blasting chamber, blasting heads, conveyance systems, cleaning devices, replenishers, dust removal systems, lubrication systems, and an electrical control system. Its mechanism involves propelling high-speed steel balls onto the billet's surface to dislodge the iron oxide layer. With an operational efficiency of up to 3 meters per minute, the shot blasting machine works well for multiple steel types, providing excellent results in oxide removal. However, it cannot handle high-temperature billets and requires the billet to cool below 80°C before processing.
In summary, while each method has its advantages and limitations, choosing the right technique depends on factors such as material type, temperature, and desired outcome. Mechanical cleaning remains a reliable choice, ensuring quality and durability in stainless steel products.
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