The stainless steel pipe features a thin and dense oxide film on its surface, which is resistant to peeling. During the heating process in the furnace, a 0.2 to 0.3 mm layer of oxide scale typically forms on the stainless steel casting billet. Surface defects within this range can generally be removed using iron oxide. However, if the defects exceed this range and remain untreated, they will inevitably carry over to the final product. It's worth noting that stainless steel casting billets are not well-suited for traditional surface defect cleaning methods like flame cleaning, as this approach alters the chemical composition and crystalline structure of the billet, potentially compromising the corrosion resistance of the finished stainless steel pipe. Consequently, mechanical cleaning remains a widely adopted and efficient method for treating stainless steel surfaces.
Common cleaning techniques include the use of iron oxide cleaning machines, water explosion pools, and shot blasting equipment.
1. Iron Oxide Sheet Cleaning Machine: This machine primarily consists of steel brush rollers, driving mechanisms, high-pressure water systems, cooling water systems, and clamping devices. Steel brush rollers with wires rotate at high speeds in opposite directions to the casting billet, effectively eroding the surface to remove iron oxide sheets. While effective for various steel types, this method does not thoroughly eliminate all iron oxide residues.
2. Water Explosion Pool: Utilizing room temperature circulating water as a coolant, the water explosion pool immerses high-temperature casting billets to detach iron oxide sheets via "water explosion." When water comes into contact with the hot billet, it vaporizes instantly, creating powerful steam pressure that dislodges the oxide layers. Additionally, rapid cooling induces stress fractures in the iron oxide, causing it to break apart. Although cost-effective with minimal maintenance requirements, this method is limited to specific austenitic stainless steels like 301 and 304.
3. Shot Blasting Machine: Commonly employed for stainless steel pipe cleaning, the shot blasting machine comprises a blasting chamber, nozzles, conveyance systems, cleaning devices, replenishers, dust extraction systems, lubrication units, and electrical controls. It works by propelling high-speed steel pellets onto the billet's surface, forcibly removing iron oxide layers. With an operational efficiency of up to 3 meters per minute, this versatile equipment suits multiple steel varieties. However, it cannot handle high-temperature billets directly. Typically, the billet needs to cool below 80°C before undergoing blasting.
In summary, each method offers distinct advantages and limitations, necessitating careful consideration based on specific requirements and material properties.
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