Solar power generation represents a burgeoning renewable energy technology. Its primary industrial applications include solar photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation. Solar photovoltaic power generation stands out due to its modular design, ease of installation and maintenance, and versatility. It’s currently the most widespread method of solar energy utilization. On the other hand, solar thermal power generation harnesses concentrated heat collection systems to heat a medium, which is then converted into electricity using traditional steam-powered equipment. In recent years, we’ve started seeing more industrial demonstration projects emerge.
In the last decade, global solar photovoltaic cell production has surged approximately sixfold, with an annual growth rate exceeding 50%. In 2010, global solar photovoltaic cell output reached 16 million kilowatts, with China contributing 10 million kilowatts. Grid-connected photovoltaic power plants and rooftop photovoltaic systems integrated with buildings are the dominant forms of photovoltaic power usage. By 2010, the total global installed capacity of photovoltaic power exceeded 40 million kilowatts. Major markets included Germany, Spain, Japan, and Italy, with Germany alone adding 7 million kilowatts of new capacity in 2010. As solar photovoltaic power generation scales up, its efficiency improves, and costs drop dramatically. The price of photovoltaic modules fell from $4.5 per watt in 2000 to below $1.5 in 2010, significantly boosting its economic viability.
Solar thermal power generation, also known as concentrated solar power (CSP), hasn’t yet reached full-scale deployment but is gradually transitioning into large-scale commercial applications. Countries such as the U.S., Spain, Germany, France, the UAE, and India have either built or are constructing multiple CSP plants. By the end of 2010, the total installed capacity of CSP plants globally that were grid-connected stood at 1.1 million kilowatts, with an additional 12 million kilowatts under construction.
By the end of 2007, China had accumulated 100,000 kilowatts (100 MW) of photovoltaic systems nationwide. Over 50 photovoltaic power plants were operational, with solar cell production capacity reaching 2.9 million kilowatts (2900 MW). Annual solar cell output reached 1188 MW, surpassing Japan and Europe. A complete industrial chain comprising raw material production and photovoltaic system construction has been established. Notably, polysilicon production made significant strides, overcoming the 1,000-ton annual output barrier. This breakthrough removed bottlenecks in raw material supply, paving the way for large-scale photovoltaic power development in China. 2007 marked a pivotal year for China's solar photovoltaic industry, fueled by long-term industry benefits and an unprecedented investment boom. Solar photovoltaic power is poised to play a crucial role in global energy consumption, potentially replacing conventional energy sources and becoming a major contributor to the world’s energy supply. Projections suggest that by 2030, renewable energy will constitute over 30% of the global energy mix, with solar photovoltaic power accounting for more than 10% of total electricity generation. By 2040, renewables could make up over 50% of energy consumption, with solar photovoltaics contributing over 20%. By the end of the century, renewables might account for more than 80% of the energy structure, with solar power providing over 60%. These numbers underscore the promising future of the solar photovoltaic industry and its critical role in the energy landscape.
According to China’s "12th Five-Year Plan for Renewable Energy Development," by 2015, solar power installed capacity aims to reach 21 gigawatts (GW). By 2050, renewable energy installations are expected to account for 25% of the country’s total installed capacity, with photovoltaic power making up 5%. Over the next decade, China’s solar installed capacity is anticipated to grow at a compound annual rate of 25%.
Recently, the National Energy Administration released the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Solar Power Development," stating that by the end of 2015, solar power installed capacity should exceed 21 million kilowatts (21 GW), generating around 25 billion kilowatt-hours annually.
According to the plan, during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, new solar photovoltaic power station installations are expected to reach about 10 million kilowatts, solar thermal power generation capacity will amount to 1 million kilowatts, and distributed photovoltaic systems will add approximately 10 million kilowatts. Assuming an average investment of 10,000 yuan per kilowatt for photovoltaic power plants and 15,000 yuan per kilowatt for distributed photovoltaic systems, the total investment requirement is estimated to be around 250 billion yuan.
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