Membrane architecture represents a groundbreaking evolution in structural engineering, characterized by its innovative use of fabrics with exceptional properties or by being inflated through air pressure to achieve stability. Often reinforced with flexible steel cables or rigid frameworks, these structures provide both tension and rigidity, allowing them to span vast areas effectively. Since their emergence in the 1970s, membrane structures have found increasing applications in large-scale buildings like sports arenas, shopping complexes, exhibition halls, and transport hubs. Today, they stand as a prominent choice in structural design and an essential aspect of chemical fiber textiles. In recent years, China has also seen significant advancements in this field.
The U.S. Pavilion at the Osaka World Expo showcased an early example of an air-supported membrane structure. This quasi-elliptical building, measuring 140m x 83.5m, marked the world's first large-span membrane structure and utilized glass fiber fabric coated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC). As a pioneering modern architectural marvel, it symbolized the dawn of the membrane structure era. Since then, membrane architecture has experienced rapid global growth.
In terms of span, the "Silverdome" in Pontiac boasts dimensions of 234.9m x 183m and was among the first to incorporate PTFE-coated glass fiber fabric, similar to what we see in modern stadiums. Meanwhile, the suspended membrane structure at Jeddah Airport in Saudi Arabia covers an impressive 420,000 square meters, highlighting its potential for expansive coverage. Another notable advancement came in 1988 during the Seoul Olympics, where the Suo Duding system was introduced in the gymnasium and fencing hall, later gaining traction in other sports venues. The Millennium Dome exemplifies contemporary achievements in building technology and material science through its distinctive membrane design.
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