Stainless steel and acid-resistant steel are collectively referred to as stainless acid-resistant steel. In general, stainless steel is known for its resistance to weak corrosive environments such as air, steam, and water. On the other hand, acid-resistant steel is specifically designed to withstand more aggressive chemical media like acids, alkalis, and salts.
There are differences in their alloying content. While stainless steel may not always be acid-resistant, acid-resistant steel typically possesses good corrosion resistance against atmospheric conditions as well. This is why the term "stainless steel" is often used broadly to include both types.
In industrial applications, stainless acid-resistant steel is divided into two categories: stainless steel, which resists corrosion in the atmosphere, and acid-resistant steel, which is designed for use in harsher chemical environments. Although stainless steel isn't always resistant to acids, acid-resistant steel usually maintains excellent corrosion resistance in normal atmospheric conditions.
These materials mainly contain chromium and nickel, with small amounts of other elements like molybdenum, vanadium, copper, manganese, nitrogen, or others. Chromium content can reach up to 25%, while nickel can be as high as 20%. These steels are widely used in manufacturing equipment for the chemical, medical, and food industries, where corrosion resistance and durability are essential.
The key technical requirements for stainless steel include good corrosion resistance, suitable mechanical properties, and excellent cold and hot working and welding characteristics. Chromium plays a crucial role in providing corrosion resistance. When the chromium content reaches around 12%, the steel's resistance to oxidation significantly improves. At this point, a thin, dense layer of chromium oxide forms on the surface, acting as a protective barrier that prevents further corrosion.
Besides chromium, other elements are also present in stainless steel, either as primary alloying components or as residual impurities. These elements contribute to the overall performance and stability of the material. Understanding the composition and properties of stainless acid-resistant steel helps in selecting the right material for specific industrial needs.
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