With the increasing frequency of hazy weather, masks with high filtration and protective capabilities have become essential for people going outdoors. However, the English labels on these masks often cause confusion. What's the difference between N95, R95, and P95? Does KN100 mean 100% filtration efficiency? These markings actually indicate different levels of protection based on specific standards. Each mask type is designed to offer a certain level of safety depending on its certification.
The N95 mask is one of the most commonly recognized types among consumers. It’s important to note that N95 isn’t a brand or product name, but rather a classification under the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The "N" stands for "Non-oil," meaning it filters non-oily particles such as dust, pollen, and bacteria. The "95" indicates that the mask can filter at least 95% of these particles. Non-oily particulates typically include things like coal dust, cement dust, and microbes. Since most smog particles are non-oily, N95 masks are highly effective in such conditions.
In addition to the N series, there are also R and P series masks. The R designation means the mask is oil-resistant, while P stands for "oil-proof," indicating it can filter both oily and non-oily particles. These categories are further divided into 95, 99, and 100, representing minimum filtration efficiencies of 95%, 99%, and 99.97%, respectively.
Internationally, the European EN standard is another widely used classification. It includes FFP1, FFP2, and FFP3, which correspond to filtration efficiencies of 80%, 94%, and 99%, respectively. This standard covers both oily and non-oily particles.
China follows the GB2626-2006 national standard for respirators. It divides masks into two main types: KN (non-oil) and KP (oil-proof). These are further categorized into 90, 95, and 100, representing minimum filtration efficiencies of 90%, 95%, and 99.97%. Overall, Chinese standards align closely with international ones in terms of performance and comfort.
The State Administration of Work Safety Supervision requires all special labor protection products to carry the LA safety mark. This ensures that masks meet safety and effectiveness standards. As a result, certified masks are essential for real protection against air pollution.
Experts like Sun Renni from 3M China emphasize that only high-efficiency masks can effectively filter fine particles like PM2.5. Ordinary cloth masks, while comfortable, are ineffective against microscopic pollutants. In contrast, counterfeit masks may lack proper filtration materials, allowing harmful particles to enter the breathing zone. These fake products not only fail to protect but can also give users a false sense of security, putting them at greater risk in polluted environments.
In conclusion, choosing the right mask is crucial for personal protection. Understanding the standards and certifications helps ensure that you're using a mask that truly works.
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