(1) A polymer emulsion or dispersion serves as the base material for film formation. It determines the main properties of the paint film, such as flexibility, durability, and adhesion.
(2) Film-forming aids help in creating a uniform and dense film after water evaporation. They also enhance the film’s performance under low-temperature conditions, making it more suitable for colder climates.
(3) Foam suppressants and defoamers are used to eliminate bubbles that form during the production process. These agents help the bubbles escape from the liquid surface, preventing defects in the final coating.
(4) Leveling agents improve the flow and leveling of the paint, ensuring a smooth and even finish without brush marks or sagging.
(5) Wetting agents increase the ability of the paint to spread evenly on the surface, improving wetting and adhesion to the substrate. This helps in achieving better coverage and a more consistent appearance.
(6) Dispersing agents help in breaking down and distributing pigments and fillers uniformly throughout the paint, which enhances color consistency and stability.
(7) Rheology additives control the viscosity and flow of the paint, making it easier to apply and reducing issues like sagging or uneven thickness during application.
(8) Thickeners increase the paint’s viscosity, allowing for a thicker wet film and better coverage. They also prevent settling and separation of components during storage and application.
(9) Preservatives protect the paint from microbial growth during storage and use, extending its shelf life and maintaining its quality.
(10) Fragrances are added to give the paint a pleasant scent, making the painting experience more enjoyable for users.
(11) Colorants provide the desired color to the paint. Pigments are typically used for opaque finishes, while dyes are more common in transparent or semi-transparent coatings.
For solid paints (which hide the wood grain), clear coats are often used to maintain the natural look of the wood. In contrast, colored lacquers are applied to achieve the desired hue.
(12) Fillers are commonly used in putty and solid paints to increase the solids content, reduce costs, and improve the paint’s texture and coverage.
(13) pH regulators ensure the stability of the paint by maintaining the correct acidity or alkalinity level, which is crucial for long-term performance.
(14) Wax emulsions or wax powders improve the scratch resistance and feel of the paint film, giving it a smoother and more durable finish.
(15) There are countless specialty additives designed for specific requirements, such as rust inhibitors to prevent premature corrosion, hardeners to increase film hardness, matting agents to reduce gloss, anti-scratch agents, slip agents for improved tactile feel, anti-blocking agents to prevent sticking between coated surfaces, cross-linking agents to enhance performance in two-component systems, and UV absorbers to protect against yellowing and aging in outdoor applications.
Additionally, a small amount of deionized water is often included in the formulation to adjust the consistency and improve the overall workability of the paint.
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