(1) A polymer emulsion or dispersion serves as the base material for film formation. It determines the main properties of the paint film, such as adhesion, flexibility, and durability.
(2) Film-forming agents help in forming a uniform and dense film once the water evaporates. They also enhance the film's performance at low temperatures, making it more suitable for colder climates.
(3) Foam suppressants and defoamers are used to eliminate bubbles that form during the production process. These additives ensure the paint remains smooth and free from air pockets.
(4) Leveling agents improve the paint's ability to spread evenly, resulting in a smooth and defect-free finish. They reduce brush marks and other imperfections.
(5) Wetting agents increase the paint’s ability to wet the surface, improving adhesion and leveling. This ensures better coverage and long-lasting results.
(6) Dispersing agents help in evenly distributing pigments and fillers within the paint, preventing clumping and ensuring a consistent color and texture.
(7) Rheology additives control the flow and leveling of the paint, reducing issues like sagging and uneven application during the painting process.
(8) Thickeners increase the viscosity of the paint, which helps in achieving a thicker wet film and prevents settling or separation of components over time.
(9) Preservatives protect the paint from microbial growth during storage, ensuring its quality and shelf life remain intact.
(10) Fragrances are added to give the paint a pleasant scent, making the application experience more enjoyable.
(11) Colorants provide the desired color to the paint. They can be either pigments or dyes, with pigments offering better opacity and durability.
For solid paints (which hide the wood grain), clear coatings are used to maintain the natural look of the wood. In contrast, colored lacquers are applied for decorative purposes.
(12) Fillers are commonly used in putty and solid paints to increase the solids content, reduce costs, and improve the paint's texture and build-up.
(13) pH adjusters regulate the acidity or alkalinity of the paint, ensuring stability and prolonging its shelf life.
(14) Wax emulsions or wax powders enhance the scratch resistance of the paint film and improve its feel, making it smoother and more durable.
(15) There are countless specialty additives designed for specific requirements. These include rust inhibitors, hardeners, matting agents, anti-scratch agents, slip agents, anti-blocking agents, cross-linking agents, and UV absorbers. Each plays a unique role in enhancing the paint’s performance under different conditions.
Additionally, a small amount of deionized water is often included in the formulation to achieve the right consistency and ease of application.
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