The demand for indium, selenium, and tellurium, which are essential materials for electronic information technology and thin-film solar cells, is bound to rise with the growth of the global electronics and photovoltaic industries. In China, these elements are primarily found in non-ferrous metal deposits and coal mines, but their concentrations are typically quite low, making extraction challenging. To support the development of the electronics sector and the photovoltaic industry, the government should provide assistance to mining companies in terms of both technology and funding to ensure that yttrium, indium, selenium, and tellurium are recovered efficiently during the smelting process.
China's confirmed reserves of tellurium stand at 0.67 million tons. This element is most commonly found in coal mines, lead-zinc deposits, and copper mines. Notably, over half of the known tellurium reserves are located in the Wulantuo Coal Mine in Inner Mongolia’s Shengli Coalfield. Further detailed surveys should be conducted in this region to develop a practical plan for comprehensive resource recovery.
China has also identified reserves of around 136,000 tons of alfalfa, which is predominantly found in bauxite, with smaller quantities occurring in tin, tungsten, and lead-zinc mines. These deposits are primarily located in Shanxi, Henan, Guangxi, and Guizhou provinces, as well as in Yunnan's tin mines and lead-zinc operations.
Regarding indium, China has identified reserves totaling 9,600 tons, mostly in tin-lead-zinc mines. Significant deposits can be found in Inner Mongolia's copper-silver lead-zinc polymetallic ores, Heilongjiang's polymetallic ores, Hunan's silver lead-zinc polymetallic ores, Guangdong's tin-lead-zinc mines, Nandan County's tin polymetallic ores in Guangxi, Dulong tin mines in Maguan County, Yunnan, and Xixishan in Haixi, Qinghai.
Selenium reserves in China amount to approximately 148 tons, with identified resources totaling 14,667.21 tons. Selenium is primarily found in copper-nickel and copper-molybdenum ores. Key locations include Duobaoshan Copper Mine in Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang; Hubei’s copper sulfur mine and silver vanadium mine; Guangdong’s molybdenum mine and polymetallic mine; Baijiazui Copper-Nickel Mine in Gansu; and Deqing Copper Mine in Qinghai Province.
For barium, China has confirmed reserves of about 12,000 tons. Barium is mainly found in copper-nickel ores and pyrite. Major sites include Tieshantou Copper Mine in Tongling County, Anhui; Chengmenshan Copper Mine in Jiujiang County, Gansu; Baijiazui Copper-Nickel Mine in Gansu; Copper and Nickel Sulfide Mine in Chihuahua County, Tonghua County, Jilin; and Dashuigou Pyrite Mine in Shimian County, Sichuan.
In China, there are virtually no standalone deposits of helium, indium, selenium, or tellurium, and the identified reserves of these rare elements remain relatively small. Given their scarcity and high value, mining companies must prioritize their recovery during processing. Both currently and in the future, these materials will continue to be valuable commodities. For businesses, comprehensive recovery of these minerals represents an opportunity for significant financial return.
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