**1. Power Light is Off**
If the power light is off, it could indicate a power failure. Check if the power supply is properly connected and functioning. Ensure that the power adapter is working correctly and that there are no issues with the power source.
**2. Link Light is Off**
When the link light is off, several issues might be present:
(a) Verify that the fiber optic cable is not broken or disconnected.
(b) Check for excessive wear on the fiber optic cable, which may exceed the receiving range of the device.
(c) Confirm that the fiber optic interface is properly connected. The local TX should connect to the remote RX, and the remote TX should connect to the local RX.
(d) Ensure the fiber optic connector is fully inserted into the device's interface. Also, check that the jumper type matches the device’s interface, the device type matches the fiber, and the transmission distance corresponds to the required length.
**3. Circuit Link Light is Off**
If the circuit link light is off, possible causes include:
(a) Check if the network cable is damaged or disconnected.
(b) Ensure the cable type matches the device requirements—crossover cables for network cards and routers, straight cables for switches and hubs.
(c) Verify that the data transfer rate settings are consistent across both devices.
**4. Severe Packet Loss on the Network**
Possible reasons for severe packet loss include:
(a) Mismatched electrical ports between the transceiver and the network device, or mismatched duplex modes at both ends.
(b) Issues with the twisted pair or RJ-45 connectors, which can cause signal degradation.
(c) Fiber connection problems, such as misalignment between the jumper and the device interface, or mismatched pigtail and coupler types.
**5. Fiber Transceivers Cannot Communicate**
This issue may occur due to:
(a) Reversed fiber connections—TX and RX ports are swapped.
(b) Incorrectly connected RJ45 port to the external device (pay attention to straight vs. crossover wiring).
(c) Incompatible optical fiber interfaces (e.g., APC ferrule connected to a PC ferrule transceiver), especially in 100M transceivers with photoelectric control features. Non-optoelectronically controlled transceivers are less affected.
**6. Time-off Phenomenon**
This occurs when communication is lost temporarily. Possible causes include:
(a) Excessive optical path attenuation. Measure the receiving end’s optical power with an optical power meter. If the power is near the sensitivity threshold (within 1–2 dB), the optical path may be faulty.
(b) A faulty switch. Replace the switch with a PC and test direct communication between two transceivers. If PING works, the switch is likely the issue.
(c) Faulty transceiver. Connect both transceivers directly to a PC and transfer a large file (e.g., 100MB). If the transfer is extremely slow (taking over 15 minutes), the transceiver is likely faulty.
**Communication Crash After a Period of Time**
This phenomenon often occurs due to a faulty switch. When a switch receives corrupted data packets, it discards them during CRC error detection and length checks. However, some undetectable errors may accumulate in the buffer. Once the buffer is full, the switch may crash. Restarting the transceiver or the switch usually restores communication, leading users to mistakenly blame the transceiver.
**7. Transceiver Test Method**
If you suspect a problem with the transceiver, follow these tests:
a) **Near-end Test**: Ping between two computers. If successful, the transceiver is likely fine. If not, the transceiver may be faulty.
b) **Remote Test**: Ping between two computers. If not possible, check the optical path and ensure the transmit/receive power levels are within acceptable ranges. A successful ping confirms proper fiber connectivity, suggesting the fault lies elsewhere.
c) **Remote Test to Locate the Fault**: Connect both ends to a switch and perform a PING. If no issue is found, the other switch may be faulty.
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