First, select high-quality varieties
Whether you choose "Red Seven Stars" or "Self-retained Species," it's essential to use seeds that meet quality standards and undergo cold treatment. The cold treatment should be conducted at a temperature of 2-4°C for over 45 days to break dormancy, promote early maturity, and ensure high yield and efficiency.
Second, implement a proper crop rotation system
Avoid continuous cropping of garlic, as this can lead to an increase in diseases and imbalances in soil nutrients, which negatively impact both the yield and quality of garlic. A full rotation cycle of 2-3 years is recommended to maintain healthy growth and productivity.
Third, plant on time with appropriate density to improve planting quality
Planting garlic at the right time helps promote early growth, faster maturation, and higher yields. However, planting too early increases the risk of disease, such as garlic leaf blight, and may cause premature aging. Based on field tests, the ideal sowing period in the county is between August 25th and September 20th. In cooler regions, sowing should be done earlier, while in warmer areas, it can be delayed. For self-retained species, early sowing is recommended, whereas for commercial garlic, a slight delay is better.
Appropriate planting density is also important. Our region mainly grows early-maturing garlic, with a typical planting density of 50,000 to 60,000 plants per mu, and a seed rate of about 120 kg per mu. Deep sowing can increase the rate of independent garlic, so the depth of the soil covering the seeds should be 4-8 cm. In post-rice fields or heavy soils, the cover depth should be shallower.
Fourth, manage irrigation and fertilization effectively
Garlic has shallow roots and is not drought-resistant. It’s important to water according to soil moisture and plant growth. Organic compost is typically applied at 3,000-4,000 kg per mu, especially in areas with continuous cropping. For inorganic fertilizers, the ratio of N, P, and K is usually 40-60 kg of urea, 30-50 kg of calcium phosphate, and 15-30 kg of potassium sulfate. These are used as base fertilizer. Urea and potassium sulfate are applied during the mother stage (4-6 leaves) and the bulb formation stage (9-10 leaves), with 60% applied during the mother stage and 40% during the bulb formation stage.
Fifth, implement comprehensive pest and disease control measures
Common garlic diseases include leaf blight, purple spot, rust, white rot, and sclerotinia. Prevention and control should focus on agricultural practices, with chemical methods used as a supplement. Early intervention is crucial, particularly after the fifth leaf stage. Fungicides like 10% powdery mildew at 1500 times dilution, 25% prochloraz EC at 1000 times, or 25% strain K EC at 1000 times can be applied every 7-10 days for 3-4 applications, achieving over 90% control effectiveness.
Pests such as the spotted fly, onion mustard, thrips, and aphids can be controlled by spraying 1.8% emulsifiable concentrate at 10-15 ml per mu during the 3-4 leaf stage, or using pyrethroid pesticides. Weeds can be managed by applying herbicides like 40% chlorimuron-ethyl or 20% garlic green grass wheat long at 300 g per mu during the 3-4 leaf stage, achieving over 90% weed control without harming the garlic plants.
Sixth, harvest at the right time
Garlic moss can be harvested when the inflorescence leaves protrude from the leaf sheath by 13-16 cm, preferably on sunny or cloudy days. Garlic should be harvested when the leaves turn yellow, typically around the "nine yellow ten harvest" rule. Harvesting too early results in soft garlic with poor drying quality, while harvesting too late may cause skin cracking. After harvesting, remove the mud, trim the roots, and cut the stems to avoid mechanical damage.
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