First, select high-quality seeds
Whether you choose “Red Seven Stars†or “Self-retained Species,†it is essential to use seeds that meet quality standards and undergo cold treatment. The ideal temperature for cold treatment is between 2°C and 4°C, lasting over 45 days. This process helps break dormancy, leading to earlier maturity, higher yield, and better efficiency.
Second, implement a proper crop rotation system
Avoid continuous cropping of garlic, as this can lead to an increase in diseases and imbalances in soil nutrients, which negatively affect both the yield and quality of garlic. It is recommended to rotate crops every 2 to 3 years to maintain soil health and reduce pest and disease risks.
Third, plant on time with optimal density to improve planting quality
Planting garlic at the right time ensures early growth, quick development, and higher productivity. However, planting too early can increase the risk of diseases like garlic leaf blight and cause premature aging. Based on local trials, the best sowing period is typically from August 25 to September 20. In cooler regions, planting should be slightly earlier, while in warmer areas, it should be delayed. For self-retained species, early sowing is preferred, while for commercial garlic, a slight delay is more suitable.
Optimal planting density is crucial. In our region, the standard density for early-maturing garlic is around 50,000 to 60,000 plants per mu, with a seeding rate of about 120 kg per mu. Proper depth is also important—after sowing, the soil cover should be 4 to 8 cm deep. For rice fields or heavy soils, the depth should be shallower to avoid damage to the bulbs.
Fourth, manage irrigation and fertilization effectively
Garlic has shallow roots and is not drought-tolerant, so timely irrigation based on soil moisture and plant growth is essential. Fertilization should also be carefully managed. Garlic requires large amounts of nutrients due to its long growing period. Organic compost is recommended at 3000–4000 kg per mu, especially for continuous cropping areas. For inorganic fertilizers, the recommended ratio is 40–60 kg of urea, 30–50 kg of calcium phosphate, and 15–30 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Base fertilizer should be applied once, while top-dressing should be split into two stages: during the mother stage (4–6 leaves) and the bulb expansion stage (9–10 leaves). About 60% of the fertilizer should be applied during the mother stage, and 40% during the bulb expansion phase.
Fifth, implement comprehensive measures for pest and disease control
Common diseases include garlic leaf blight, purple spot, rust, white rot, and sclerotinia. Prevention and control should focus on agricultural practices, with chemical methods used as a supplement. Early intervention is key—apply fungicides such as 10% sulfur powder diluted 1500 times, 25% prochloraz EC diluted 1000 times, or 25% strain K EC diluted 1000 times. Apply these treatments every 7–10 days for 3–4 applications, achieving a control effectiveness of over 90%.
Pests like thrips, aphids, and onion flies are common. At the 3–4 leaf stage, spray 1.8% emulsifiable concentrate at 10–15 ml per mu, or use pyrethroid pesticides to control infestations effectively.
Weeds can be controlled by applying herbicides at the 3–4 leaf stage of garlic or the 2–3 leaf stage of grasses. A single application of 40% garlic green grass wheat Long at 300 g per mu or 20% garlic green grass wheat Long at 300 g per mu can achieve over 90% weed control, ensuring safe and effective garlic production.
Sixth, harvest at the right time
1. Harvest garlic moss when the flower stalk protrudes 13–16 cm from the leaf sheath. Choose sunny or cloudy days for harvesting.
2. Harvest garlic when the leaves turn yellow. Overly early harvesting results in soft bulbs with high moisture, leading to wrinkled skins after drying. Delayed harvesting may cause cracked skins and reduced quality. Harvest garlic in batches. After 20–30 days of harvesting, collect the leaves when they turn yellow. During harvesting, remove dirt, cut off the roots, and trim the stems to prevent mechanical damage.
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