When the greenhouse is under continuous rainy weather, farmers can take several effective measures to minimize damage and maintain optimal growing conditions for their crops. These strategies are tailored based on the specific situation and resources available.
**First, Temperature Enhancement Measures**
1. **Stove Heating**: Place multiple stoves inside the greenhouse depending on its size. The heat generated from the stove and chimney helps raise the internal temperature, ensuring a warmer environment for plants.
2. **Open Flame Heating**: Light a pile of dry, low-smoke wood inside the greenhouse to increase the temperature. This method is effective but requires careful control—avoid making the fire too intense to prevent damage to the plastic film or crops. Keep the burning time limited to avoid excessive smoke buildup.
3. **Brazier Heating**: Use charcoal or coal braziers placed evenly throughout the greenhouse or move them back and forth to provide consistent warmth. This method is simple, safe, and practical, although it may not offer the same level of heating as other methods.
4. **Electric Heating**: Utilize electric heaters, furnaces, or heating cables for rapid and clean heating. This method allows precise temperature control, but it comes with higher energy costs.
**Second, Light Enhancement Measures**
1. **Maintain Film Transparency**: Ensure the plastic film remains tight and clean. Remove dust, snow, and water droplets promptly. For regular membranes, shake the film to remove droplets or apply anti-fogging agents to improve light transmission.
2. **Use Reflective Materials**: Cover the ground with reflective films to enhance light exposure on lower plant parts while helping to retain soil warmth and reduce humidity. Hang reflective films on the back walls to boost light intensity in shaded areas. Painting interior walls and columns white also improves light reflection.
3. **Extend Lighting Hours**: Whenever possible, uncover the greenhouse during daylight hours to maximize natural light. This helps ensure plants receive enough sunlight even during cloudy periods.
4. **Agricultural Practices**: Plant vegetables in wide and narrow rows to optimize space and light exposure. Prune old leaves and use transparent ropes to support plants, improving air circulation and light penetration.
5. **Artificial Lighting**: Install electric or fluorescent lights when natural light is insufficient, such as during long winter days or persistent cloud cover. A general guideline is to install about 360 watts of lighting per 10 square meters. Position the lights at least 50 cm above the plants and the film to avoid damage. Lighting should be used for approximately 12 hours daily, combining both natural and artificial light.
**Third, Reduce Air Humidity**
1. **Ventilation and Drainage**: During rainy or snowy weather, ventilate the greenhouse when humidity becomes too high. Ideal times for ventilation are early morning or midday when outdoor humidity is lowest and temperatures are higher.
2. **Avoid Watering on Rainy Days**: Do not water plants during rainy days. If watering is necessary, do so at noon on sunny days to reduce moisture accumulation.
3. **Limit Pesticide and Fertilizer Use**: Avoid spraying foliar fertilizers or pesticides on rainy days. If needed, use dust or aerosol formulations instead of liquid sprays to prevent excess moisture.
4. **Minimize Moisture on the Film**: Keep the film surface clear of water to maintain transparency and allow maximum light penetration.
5. **Reduce Soil Evaporation**: Cover the soil with mulch or keep it dry to limit moisture release into the air, which helps control humidity levels inside the greenhouse.
By implementing these measures, farmers can effectively manage the challenges posed by continuous rainy weather and maintain a healthy, productive greenhouse environment.
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