Green peppers have specific growth requirements, including warm temperatures, high humidity, and adequate fertilization. However, they are also sensitive to environmental changes and prone to diseases or root issues if not properly managed. Throughout their growth cycle, different stages require distinct care strategies, which can be divided into four key phases.
**1. Pre-harvest Management**
After planting green peppers, the early ground temperature is low, and the roots have limited absorption capacity. Therefore, a "big promotion and small control" approach should be used. This involves shallow watering, early topdressing, and careful tilling to promote healthy seedling growth. When planting, it's important to observe soil moisture and perform timely cultivation to loosen the soil, increase ground temperature, and encourage root development.
About 8-10 days after planting, a second irrigation is conducted with deeper tilling (around 7 cm) to improve soil permeability and warmth. If the seedlings appear weak or yellow, a light fertilizer application can be made at this stage, such as 500 kg of composted human waste per acre or 7–8 kg of urea. This is referred to as "Miaofei," aimed at slowing down excessive growth and promoting strong root development. After the second watering, water should be controlled to encourage deep root growth. Excessive water at this stage may lead to elongated plants and reduced fruit set. The seedling period typically lasts about a week.
In recent years, the seedling phase has been extended, and during the flowering stage, air humidity plays a crucial role in fruit setting. Timely watering after the seedlings help maintain soil moisture and increase field humidity, which supports better flowering and fruiting. When the first fruits grow to the size of large beans and the leaves and fruits develop simultaneously, additional watering and fertilization are needed—such as 500–1000 kg of composted manure or 10–15 kg of quick-release urea per acre, along with some phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. This helps strengthen the plants, prevent flower and fruit drop, and improve overall yield. After fertilizing, it's important to cultivate the soil when it dries slightly to enhance soil aeration and fertility.
**2. Fruit Development Stage**
During the fruit-bearing phase, temperatures rise, rainfall increases, and pests and diseases become more prevalent. This is a critical period for determining yield. Poor management during this time can lead to stunted growth, viral infections, and poor fruit development. Yellowing and shrinking of seedlings can result in very low yields. To prevent early aging, timely harvesting, proper watering, and maintaining soil moisture are essential. It’s also important to seal the ridges before the hot season begins. Before sealing the ridges, the soil should be preserved and fertilized to support continued plant growth.
**3. High Temperature and Rainy Season Management**
High surface temperatures can inhibit root growth. To protect the roots, frequent but light watering is recommended—avoiding large amounts of water that could stress the plants. This helps the plants recover from heat stress and promotes a second flowering peak.
Green pepper roots are sensitive to waterlogging. During the rainy season, excess water can cause root suffocation, leading to wilting and even death. Therefore, drainage ditches should be cleared before the rainy season to ensure proper water runoff. Sudden rain on sunny days or prolonged rain can reduce soil aeration, causing plant wilting. After heavy rains, it's important to water the plants and drain excess moisture to restore soil permeability and prevent root weakness.
**4. Late-season Rejuvenation Management**
After the hot and rainy season, around late January, temperatures cool down, and daylight increases, creating favorable conditions for the second flowering and fruiting period. At this stage, it's essential to strengthen fertilizer management to promote new branches and increased fruit production. Fertilizer can be alternated with watering, applying fast-acting fertilizer 2 times every 7–8 days, using 10–15 kg per acre. Composted manure water can also be applied to further support plant health and productivity.
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