Plastics are widely used in people's lives. However, the disposal of waste plastics is a difficult problem in the world. Once discarded, it will become a stubborn waste that is difficult to be degraded in nature, threatening the entire environment of the earth. Recently, Japanese scientists have found through analysis that a kind of bacteria that can “eat†plastics is expected to become the “terminator†of plastic waste.
The subject of a research group jointly conducted by the research group of Keio University and Kyoto University of Technology and Japanese companies, through the collection of various environmental samples, was introduced into a medium containing PET film as the main carbon source, and various microorganisms were found. They all accumulate on the PET film and decompose it. The researchers succeeded in separating the PET-decomposing bacteria from the microbial population and named it "Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6 strain" bacteria.
This kind of bacteria can not only decompose PET, but also use it as a source of nutrients. In the experiment, the researchers found that the powerful functions of the 201-F6 strain were derived from two enzymes called "PETase" and "MHETase", which can help the 201-F6 strain stabilize PET at room temperature. The structure is efficiently decomposed into terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. The resulting terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol can be further decomposed by the microorganisms and eventually become carbon dioxide and water.
PET is made from petroleum and is closely related to our lives. Many food packaging, electrical components and even clothing materials in daily life are made of PET. According to the researchers, in 2013, the global total production of PET resin was about 56 million tons, but only a very small part can be recycled. At present, the way to recycle PET is mainly through chemical treatment, and the fuel resources consumed in this process are also very large. In contrast, biodegradable PET methods use less energy and are more environmentally friendly. So, with this discovery, does it mean that we are not far from the large-scale application of "PET biorecycling"?
The situation is not so optimistic. The "Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6 strain" takes 6 weeks to break down a plastic film of the size of a fingernail. The current degradation efficiency is still very low. Researchers say they will consider using GM to make the bacteria "stronger" and will continue to study ways to treat PET using microbes. At present, although the research results are still a vision for nature conservation, at least some new ideas for dealing with stubborn garbage have been found, which subverts the notion that people in nature generally cannot decompose plastics.
Bacteria that are invisible to the naked eye can actually play a huge role in our lives. In recent years, such research has been popular in Japan, and scientists at the University of Tokyo have tried to use the large number of microorganisms present in the soil to generate electricity in paddy fields. Many substances that seem to be "insignificant" can change the life of nature and human beings to some extent as long as they take the scientific ride.
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