Some toxic ingredients are contained to varying degrees in some common feeds for rabbits. Some of these substances hinder the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and some interfere with the normal metabolism of rabbits. The toxicity of a beverage poison depends not only on its own virulence, but also on its content in the feed. When the feed toxic substances are below the critical level of poisoning, they can be safely fed without causing adverse consequences; on the contrary, above the critical level, it will endanger the health of rabbits and may even cause poisoning and death.
Trypsin inhibitor
A substance called trypsin inhibitor is present in many feeds. These substances are bio-structural polypeptides composed of amino acid residues, which are not destroyed in the stomach, enter the small intestine and combine with trypsin to form a complex, which makes trypsin inactive. This complex is not broken down in the small intestine, can be degraded by microorganisms after entering the large intestine, or excreted through the feces. Therefore, trypsin inhibitors not only hinder protein digestion, but also cause partial loss of protein in rabbits (trypsin itself is a rabbit protein with a high essential amino acid content). Among the common feeds for rabbits, soybean (4685, -18.00, -0.38%) has a particularly high trypsin inhibitor (up to 10.7 μg/g). Therefore, long-term feeding of raw soybeans in rabbits can cause pancreatic compensatory enlargement and protein indigestion, which is most obvious in growing rabbits, while adult rabbits are less harmful. However, high temperature treatment can destroy trypsin inhibitor. In hot pressed bean cake, trypsin inhibitor can be reduced to 3.4 μg / gram; soybean cooked (100 ° C) can basically eliminate this harmful substance.
substances
In rapeseed (5133, 15.00, 0.29%) cakes of high-yield rapeseed varieties, the content of sinigrin is as high as 10-13%. Such substances can produce oxazolidinone, thiocyanate and isocyanate under the action of glucosidase in feed or animal. These substances are absorbed by the rabbit body through the digestive tract, which can prevent the thyroid gland from utilizing the iodide ions in the blood, hindering the synthesis of thyroxine (triiodotyrosine and tetraiodotyrosine), causing the thyroid gland to be large and the whole body to be metabolically disordered. Therefore, although the rapeseed cake is nutritious, its feeding value is limited. At present, the Institute of Feed Science of Zhejiang Agricultural University has developed a rapeseed cake (粕) detoxification additive No. 6107, which has been widely used in the detoxification of livestock and poultry rapeseed cake. The detoxified rapeseed cake can be used in compound feed. The proportion has increased to 20%, and both economic and social benefits are significant. In addition, green feed such as cabbage and broccoli also contains thyroid-producing substances, but the amount or short-term feeding of rabbits does not cause goiter.
Cottonseed phenol
Cottonseed cake contains free components such as gossypol, gossypol violet and cotton chlorophyll. The free gossypol is the absolute proportion, and the content of cottonseed cake is 0.07~0.24%. The toxic effect of cottonseed phenol on rabbits is to cause body damage and reduce reproductive function. The addition of ferrous sulfate to the cottonseed cake can effectively eliminate the toxicity of cottonseed phenol. The proportion of cottonseed cake in the rabbit diet is appropriate (5-10%) for safe use.
Plant hemagglutinin
This kind of substance mainly exists in legumes and can cause agglutination of blood cells. However, it is not absorbed in rabbits, so it does not damage the blood circulatory system, but can cause intestinal mucosal damage and hinder the absorption of nutrients. After ripening (cooked), the hemagglutinin can be destroyed.
Saponin
In some leguminous grasses (苜蓿) and rapeseed cakes, saponins are contained, and excessive intake of pigs and chickens can cause growth and poisoning, and the effects on rabbits need to be tested. However, due to its extremely bitter taste, the feed intake of the feed for rabbits can be significantly reduced.
Oxalate
In some green feeds (苋莱, spinach, etc.), the content of oxalic acid and oxalate is higher. In the digestive tract, oxalic acid can combine with calcium to form an insoluble compound, calcium oxalate, which hinders the absorption of calcium. The oxalic acid absorbed by the rabbit body can be combined with serum calcium to cause precipitation, which causes the blood calcium level to drop rapidly, causing symptoms such as muscle spasm. Therefore, for oxalate-rich cyan feed, the amount of feed should be strictly controlled to avoid hypocalcemia.
Mycotoxins
In the breeding of rabbits, in addition to paying attention to the toxic substances inherent in the feed, it is also necessary to prevent mildew of the feed. Some protein-rich feeds are good substrates for the growth of toxigenic molds such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ash. Rabbit aflatoxin poisoning, manifested as appetite and drinking water abolished, dehydration and lethargy, and then developed into liver damage and jaundice. Certain cereal feeds can produce toxins such as citrinin, citrinin, T2 toxin, and corn (2424, -1.00, -0.04%) gibberenone. Thesemycins cause kidney and liver damage, reduced reproductive function, and even death.
In addition, ergot is a common fungal toxin that can damage the central nervous system and smooth muscle. It can also cause blood circulation disorders and cause gangrene. Rabbits are characterized by lameness and pain in the limbs. When the mold grows, the coumarin can be converted into dicoumarin, which antagonizes vitamin K and causes vitamin K deficiency.
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