On February 13, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) released the "Notice on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Plan of Clean Production Technology in the Rare Earth Industry" (referred to as the "Notice"). This document aims to support the implementation of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" for industrial clean production, promote the application of advanced clean technologies in key sectors, enhance overall industry cleanliness, and significantly reduce pollution emissions. To achieve these goals, MIIT has developed a specific implementation plan tailored for the rare earth industry.
The Notice emphasizes that central enterprises must take the lead in adopting and promoting clean production technologies. It calls for the accelerated industrial application of low-carbon, low-salt, and ammonia-free rare earth oxide separation and purification technology by 2017. Additionally, it encourages the completion of industrial demonstrations for low-temperature sulfation dynamic roasting technology in rare earth concentrates, aiming to reduce the use of acids and alkalis in smelting and improve resource utilization efficiency.
The plan also highlights the promotion of non-saponification extraction and separation technology, along with fuzzy linkage extraction methods. By 2017, it is expected that non-saponification technology will be adopted by 50% of relevant enterprises, while the penetration rate of the fuzzy linkage process should reach 85%. These efforts are projected to save approximately 120,000 tons of hydrochloric acid annually, 373,000 tons of sodium hydroxide, or 50,000 tons of liquid ammonia, and reduce ammonia nitrogen in wastewater by 53,000 tons per year.
Local industrial authorities are urged to prioritize the adoption of clean production technologies as part of their energy-saving and emission-reduction strategies. They are encouraged to conduct research, assess current implementation status, and develop targeted plans. Technologies outlined in the program will be given priority in financial support programs such as energy conservation, technological upgrades, and circular economy initiatives.
Moreover, the MIIT emphasized that rare earth enterprises should treat clean production technology as a core strategy for improving competitiveness and reducing environmental impact. Central enterprises are expected to support their subsidiaries by integrating clean tech projects into their strategic plans and providing necessary funding.
Chinalco, one of the major players in the sector, has already implemented some of these technologies. For instance, the low-carbon, low-salt, and ammonia-free rare earth oxide separation and purification technology is being used in a 5,500-ton/year plant in Chongzuo, Guangxi. Several other companies, including Jiangsu Guosheng Rare Earth Company and Guangdong Zhujiang Rare Earth Company, have successfully applied similar technologies.
However, many enterprise representatives from regions like Inner Mongolia, Jiangxi, and Sichuan expressed concerns about the high costs associated with adopting new environmental technologies. They highlighted the need for government support and preferential policies to ease the financial burden of technological upgrades.
In response, China Aluminum stated its commitment to following the MIIT’s guidelines. While the Chongzuo project is still under development, it is progressing steadily. Experts from the China Rare Earth Society and the China Rare Earth Industry Association also suggested leveraging special funds from the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance to accelerate the adoption of independent technologies. They further recommended that Chinese enterprises seek international collaborations to achieve mutual benefits and drive innovation.
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