Common Terminology for Material Standards
Material standards are essential in the manufacturing and engineering industries, ensuring consistency, quality, and safety. Understanding the terminology used in these standards is crucial for both producers and consumers. Below is a detailed explanation of key terms related to material standards: --- **1. Standard** Standards are uniform rules designed for repetitive tasks and concepts. They are based on scientific, technical, and practical experience and are approved by relevant authorities. In China, steel product standards include national standards (GB, GB/T), industry standards (YB), local standards, and corporate standards. **2. Technical Conditions** These define the performance specifications and quality requirements set by the standard. Examples include chemical composition, physical dimensions, surface quality, mechanical properties, and more. **3. Guarantee Conditions** These are the criteria that manufacturers must meet to ensure product quality. They can be categorized into: - **Basic Guarantee Conditions**: Mandatory, regardless of the buyer's request. - **Additional Guarantee Conditions**: Applied when the buyer specifies them in the contract. - **Agreement Guarantee Conditions**: Agreed upon between the supplier and buyer outside of the standard. - **Reference Conditions**: Not required by the standard but may be considered during inspection. **4. Quality Certificate** A document provided by the manufacturer confirming the quality of the delivered material. It includes details such as material name, specification, weight, and all test results. This certificate serves as proof of compliance and is used for re-inspection and verification. **5. Quality Level** Steel quality is divided into levels based on surface condition, dimensional tolerance, etc. For example, primary and secondary grades, or different levels of surface quality (first, second, third). **6. Accuracy Level** This refers to the allowable deviation in dimensions. Higher accuracy means smaller tolerances. It is usually specified in contracts. **7. Brand** The brand or grade of a metal material indicates its type and quality. In China, it often reflects the chemical composition and helps in identifying the material’s characteristics. **8. Variety** Refers to different forms, shapes, production methods, heat treatment states, or particle sizes of metal materials. **9. Model** A code system using letters and numbers to identify different types of products, such as carbides or specific shapes. **10. Specification** Specifies the size range of a particular variety or type of metal. Larger sizes typically have larger tolerances. **11. Surface Condition** Includes conditions like bright, non-bright, polished, pickled, or plated. These affect the appearance and usability of the material. **12. Edge State** Indicates whether the edge of a strip is trimmed or not. Trimmed edges are more precise. **13. Delivery Status** Describes the final state of the material at delivery, such as hot rolled, cold rolled, or heat-treated. **14. Hard and Soft Material** Refers to the hardness of the material after heat treatment or work hardening. Different grades exist for varying degrees of hardness. **15. Longitudinal and Transverse Directions** Defined relative to the rolling or machining direction. Samples taken along the direction are longitudinal; those perpendicular are transverse. **16. Theoretical vs. Actual Quality** Theoretical quality is calculated based on nominal size and density, while actual quality is measured by weight. **17. Nominal Size vs. Actual Size** Nominal size is the ideal size from the standard, while actual size is what is produced, which may vary slightly. **18. Deviation and Tolerance** Deviation is the difference between actual and nominal size. Tolerance is the total allowable deviation, expressed without direction. **19. Delivery Length** There are four types: normal length (no fixed size), fixed length (as per order), multiple length (integral multiples), and short length (below standard minimum). **20. Smelting Method** Refers to the type of furnace used, such as open hearth, electric arc, or vacuum induction. It does not include deoxidation or casting methods. **21. Chemical Composition** The percentage of elements in the steel, including main components and impurities. **22. Melting Component** The chemical composition of the steel after desulfurization and deoxidation. **23. Finished Ingredient** The chemical composition of the final product, analyzed according to standard methods. Used for inspection and quality control. **24. High-Quality Steel and Special Steel (with 'A' designation)** High-quality steel has reduced carbon range, lower harmful impurities, higher purity, and better mechanical properties compared to regular steel. --- By understanding these terms, professionals can better navigate material standards, ensure compliance, and make informed decisions in procurement and production. Editor: Hardware Business Network Information Center http://news.chinawj.com.cn
Material standards are essential in the manufacturing and engineering industries, ensuring consistency, quality, and safety. Understanding the terminology used in these standards is crucial for both producers and consumers. Below is a detailed explanation of key terms related to material standards: --- **1. Standard** Standards are uniform rules designed for repetitive tasks and concepts. They are based on scientific, technical, and practical experience and are approved by relevant authorities. In China, steel product standards include national standards (GB, GB/T), industry standards (YB), local standards, and corporate standards. **2. Technical Conditions** These define the performance specifications and quality requirements set by the standard. Examples include chemical composition, physical dimensions, surface quality, mechanical properties, and more. **3. Guarantee Conditions** These are the criteria that manufacturers must meet to ensure product quality. They can be categorized into: - **Basic Guarantee Conditions**: Mandatory, regardless of the buyer's request. - **Additional Guarantee Conditions**: Applied when the buyer specifies them in the contract. - **Agreement Guarantee Conditions**: Agreed upon between the supplier and buyer outside of the standard. - **Reference Conditions**: Not required by the standard but may be considered during inspection. **4. Quality Certificate** A document provided by the manufacturer confirming the quality of the delivered material. It includes details such as material name, specification, weight, and all test results. This certificate serves as proof of compliance and is used for re-inspection and verification. **5. Quality Level** Steel quality is divided into levels based on surface condition, dimensional tolerance, etc. For example, primary and secondary grades, or different levels of surface quality (first, second, third). **6. Accuracy Level** This refers to the allowable deviation in dimensions. Higher accuracy means smaller tolerances. It is usually specified in contracts. **7. Brand** The brand or grade of a metal material indicates its type and quality. In China, it often reflects the chemical composition and helps in identifying the material’s characteristics. **8. Variety** Refers to different forms, shapes, production methods, heat treatment states, or particle sizes of metal materials. **9. Model** A code system using letters and numbers to identify different types of products, such as carbides or specific shapes. **10. Specification** Specifies the size range of a particular variety or type of metal. Larger sizes typically have larger tolerances. **11. Surface Condition** Includes conditions like bright, non-bright, polished, pickled, or plated. These affect the appearance and usability of the material. **12. Edge State** Indicates whether the edge of a strip is trimmed or not. Trimmed edges are more precise. **13. Delivery Status** Describes the final state of the material at delivery, such as hot rolled, cold rolled, or heat-treated. **14. Hard and Soft Material** Refers to the hardness of the material after heat treatment or work hardening. Different grades exist for varying degrees of hardness. **15. Longitudinal and Transverse Directions** Defined relative to the rolling or machining direction. Samples taken along the direction are longitudinal; those perpendicular are transverse. **16. Theoretical vs. Actual Quality** Theoretical quality is calculated based on nominal size and density, while actual quality is measured by weight. **17. Nominal Size vs. Actual Size** Nominal size is the ideal size from the standard, while actual size is what is produced, which may vary slightly. **18. Deviation and Tolerance** Deviation is the difference between actual and nominal size. Tolerance is the total allowable deviation, expressed without direction. **19. Delivery Length** There are four types: normal length (no fixed size), fixed length (as per order), multiple length (integral multiples), and short length (below standard minimum). **20. Smelting Method** Refers to the type of furnace used, such as open hearth, electric arc, or vacuum induction. It does not include deoxidation or casting methods. **21. Chemical Composition** The percentage of elements in the steel, including main components and impurities. **22. Melting Component** The chemical composition of the steel after desulfurization and deoxidation. **23. Finished Ingredient** The chemical composition of the final product, analyzed according to standard methods. Used for inspection and quality control. **24. High-Quality Steel and Special Steel (with 'A' designation)** High-quality steel has reduced carbon range, lower harmful impurities, higher purity, and better mechanical properties compared to regular steel. --- By understanding these terms, professionals can better navigate material standards, ensure compliance, and make informed decisions in procurement and production. Editor: Hardware Business Network Information Center http://news.chinawj.com.cn
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