Wang Lingling Li Yabin
(Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300160)
Abstract: Negative ion fibers and textiles play an important role in human health. The generation mechanism, function and source of negative ions are briefly described. The production, testing methods, evaluation and application of negative ion fibers and textiles are introduced.
Key words: negative ion fiber; negative ion textile; health care CLC number: TS195·6 Document code: AArticle ID:1673-0356(2010)06-0011-04
With the improvement of material living standards and health awareness, people not only require clothing to have shelter, warmth and decoration, but also require health care functions. The advent of negative ion fiber textiles has brought good news to consumers. The fiber can release a certain amount of negative ions into the air during use, which can adjust the surrounding air quality and is beneficial to human health. The important role of negative ions in human health, longevity and ecology has been proved by medical practice at home and abroad, and is known as "longevity" or "air vitamin" [1~2]. With the gradual understanding of the performance of negative ion products, it will have broad development prospects as a new multifunctional material for human health in the 21st century.
1 Negative ion generation mechanism Negative ion fibers and their textiles can release negative ions thanks to negative ion additives. The negative ion additive contains an negative ion, which is an environmentally friendly functional material that relies on the characteristics of pure natural minerals to continuously generate negative ions by contact with a medium such as air or water vapor. When the water molecules, other molecules or the surface layer of the skin enters the negative ion field space (generally a radius of 10~15μm sphere), it is immediately ionized by the permanent electrode to produce OH- and H+. Since H+ moves very fast (H+ moves at a rate of 1.8 times that of OH-), it moves rapidly toward the negative electrode of the permanent electrode, absorbing one electron into H2 and dissipating into the air; and OH- forms with another water molecule. H3O2-negative ion. This change will be carried out without interruption as long as the air humidity is not zero, without causing other side effects caused by toxic substances.
2 The function and working principle of negative ions Some studies have shown that wearing a pajamas with negative ion emission at night will reduce the rectal temperature of the human body to a certain extent, improve the nighttime sleep effect, and improve the immunity of the human body [3]. These are all derived from the superior health functions of negative ions, as follows:
(1) Regulate the excitation and inhibition functions of the central nervous system. The action process is: negative ion → alveolar → blood → blood brain barrier → cerebrospinal fluid → central nervous system.
(2) Improve the ventilation function of the lungs. The principle is that negative ions pass through the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, promote the movement of ciliated mucous membranes, increase the secretion of glands, increase the excitability of smooth muscles, and increase the function of ventilation.
(3) Lower blood pressure function. The action process is: negative ion → monoamine oxidase (MAO) → oxidative deamination → serotonin, catecholamine, norepinephrine concentration decreased → blood pressure.
(4) Improve myocardial function and stimulate hematopoietic function. The action process is: negative ion → blood → increase red blood cell repulsive force → erythrocyte sedimentation rate slow; negative ion → spleen function rise → red blood cell and blood calcium rise.
(5) Enhance immune function. Mainly manifested in: 1 oxygen anion (superoxide anion free radical), high biological activity, has a certain bactericidal effect. 2 Negative ions make the epithelial cells negatively charged, enhance the repulsive force on the same-charged ions, and make the virus lose its ability to attack cells.
(6) After the hydrated hydroxyl ion (H3O2-) enters the human body through breathing, it can adjust the blood pH and make the human body fluid become weakly alkaline. Weak alkaline body fluid can activate cells, increase cell permeability, improve various functions of cells, maintain ion balance, improve oxygen conversion capacity, accelerate metabolism, reduce fatigue, make people feel comfortable, relax, and produce physiotherapy Healing effect.
3 Functional materials that can release negative ions 3·1 Rare earth ores that can release weak radiation These ores contain natural strontium and uranium, and the weak radiation released can ionize particles in the air to produce negative electrons. But considering safety [4], researchers are more optimistic about other better alternatives.
3·2 Natural crystal ore with its own electromagnetic field This type of ore includes cherries, tourmaline, opal and gems. These ores have thermoelectricity and piezoelectricity [5]. In the case of temperature and pressure changes (even small changes), the potential difference between the negative ion crystals can be caused. This static electricity is as high as 1 million electron volts, thus The air is ionized, and the hit electrons attach to nearby water and oxygen molecules and convert it into air negative ions, ie negative ions. Because these ores are safe and environmentally friendly during use, they are favored by researchers.
3.3 Some substances in the ancient seabed mineral layer [6]
Among these substances are coral fossils, seabed sediments, seaweed charcoal, and hydrocarbon. They are all inorganic porous materials. They all have permanent spontaneous electrodes. They can ionize the surrounding air when they are slightly changed by the outside world. It is a natural one. Negative ion generator.
3·4 Photocatalyst material [7]
A photocatalyst is a photocatalyst, which is a substance which accelerates the reaction rate between other reactants and does not change itself before and after the reaction, and its main component is titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide is a photosensitive semiconductor material that generates negatively charged electrons and positively charged holes upon excitation of ultraviolet energy after absorbing ultraviolet light from sunlight or an illumination source. The holes react with water, electrons and oxygen to generate highly oxidizing hydroxyl radicals and negative oxygen ions, respectively, and decompose harmful substances and microorganisms in the air into harmless carbon dioxide and water, thereby purifying the air and sterilizing. The purpose of deodorization.
4 Production of negative ion fiber and its textiles 4.1 Production process of negative ion fiber Negative ion functional fiber is a nano-scale powder which is chemically and physically made into a good compatibility with high polymer material by surface treatment. After that, it is mixed with the high polymer carrier in a certain ratio, and melt-extruded to obtain an anion masterbatch, which is dried, mixed with a high polymer slice according to a certain ratio, and spun to form a fiber, and the specific process is as follows [8] :
Raw materials → chemical and physical methods → nano-scale powder → surface treatment → batching → extrusion → manufacturing masterbatch → drying → re-ingreding → spinning → finished product.
4·2 Negative ion fiber textile processing method The processing methods of negative ion fiber and functional textile can be mainly divided into two categories: one is to use the additive with negative ion to be spun into fiber; the other is to make the textile through the finishing of the fabric. The function of generating negative ions.
The main production methods of negative ion fibers can be divided into surface coating modification method, blend spinning method, copolymerization method and the like.
4·2·1 Surface coating modification method In the post-processing of fibers, a surface treatment technique and a resin finishing technique are used to fix a treatment liquid containing inorganic particles such as tourmaline capable of exciting air anions to the surface of the fiber. For example, in Japan, a mineral stock solution prepared by fermenting a coral fossil pulverized material, a saccharide or an acidic aqueous solution with a predetermined fungus at a relatively high temperature for a long time is applied to the fiber. Since the mineral raw material contains a resin binder component, a negative ion fiber having good durability is obtained.
4·2·2 blend spinning method This is a main method for producing modified and multifunctional synthetic fibers. Before the polymerization or spinning, the minerals capable of exciting air anions are made into negative ion masterbatches and added to the polymer. Spinning in a melt or spinning solution produces negative ion fibers. This fiber produces a negative ion with better durability than the surface coating modification method. The negative ion fiber developed in China adopts this method [9-12], which is chemically and physically compatible with the negative ion generator (tourmaline, trace radioactive rare earth ore, ceramic) and polymer material. The nanometer-sized powder is subjected to surface treatment, mixed with a high polymer carrier in a certain ratio, melt-extruded to obtain an anion masterbatch, dried, mixed with a polymer slice according to a certain ratio, and blended and spun. The method performs spinning to prepare negative ion fibers.
4·2·3 copolymerization method This method belongs to the chemical reaction. It is to add the negative ion additive during the polymerization process, and to make the negative ion function slice and then spin. Generally, the section obtained by the copolymerization method or the master batch and the additive are uniformly distributed, and the spin formability is good.
In foreign countries, the above three methods for producing negative ion textiles have applications, mainly based on copolymerization, and the main characteristic of the copolymerization method is that the durability of the product is good. At present, the common method for domestic research and development of negative ion fibers is based on surface coating modification.
4.·3 Finishing Technology The finishing method refers to a method in which a treatment liquid containing inorganic fine particles is fixed to the surface of a fabric by pad-drying, thereby imparting negative ion properties to the fabric. Japan has developed a negative ion product using a variety of finishing processes [13] and is at the forefront of the world. For example, "ION-AGE" of Nisshinbo Co., Ltd., Komatsu Seiren's negative ion finishing fabric under the name "Verbano" [14], new finishing technology "aquaheal" developed by Toray Industries, Inc. [15], Kabopou Fiber Co., Ltd. "forest bath fiber" [16] and so on. Beijing Tongniu Co., Ltd. and Hong Kong's Chengdu Office Chengdu Hairong Special Textile Co., Ltd. are all developed by Qiqihar University Materials Research Institute. Yanjia University International Science and Technology University Park Yanda Superfine Functional Materials Co., Ltd. provides the Wizards series of negative ion additives. , using the above process for production, testing, and achieved good results. The finishing technique is different from the conventional process of mixing minerals into the yarn, and has the advantage that it can be applied to all types of textile fabrics, and the process is simple.
5 Test methods and evaluation of negative ion textiles There are no published standard documents at home and abroad for the evaluation of such negative ion textiles. One of the few public reports is that in 2006 the building materials industry introduced an industry standard -- JC/T1016-2006 "Test Method for the Generation of Negative Ions in Materials", which can be used to determine the amount of negative ions on the surface of a material. At present, the domestic textile laboratory adopts the handcuff method and the newly introduced FCL fabric negative ion test method [17].
5·1 Hand rubbing method This method is an open type measurement. It is used to test the negative ion release concentration by means of an oxygen ion meter combined with an artificial handcuff.
5·1·1 test method Place the sample at 1~2 cm at the front end of the open tester and shake the sample for 1 min by hand at a frequency of 200 times/min. The instrument will record the dynamically generated negative ion concentration curve. Taking the average value is the result of each test. The average value of the repeated test 3 times minus the blank sample test result is the negative ion concentration value generated by the sample.
5·1·2 Evaluation The biggest problem with this method for testing negative ion textiles is that they can be qualitative but cannot be quantitatively evaluated. Therefore, the accidental error of the test results is large, the reproducibility is poor, and improvement is needed.
Problems with 5·1·3 There are several shortcomings in the handcuff method: (1) Changes in the test environment are likely to affect the results. (2) The difference in power will affect the test. (3) Not all tests can provide a control sample.
5.2 FCL fabric negative ion test method FCL fabric negative ion test method is aimed at the production and standard status of negative ion textiles. The new method recommended by the China Textile Industry Association Inspection Center to study the test method and evaluation standard is recommended for closed measurement. .
The 5·2·1 test method uses the Japanese-made SMART ION MONITOR as the negative ion test device. The experimental environment is a test chamber under standard atmosphere (length × width × height not less than 700 mm × 40 mm × 40 mm, no bottom surface). At the same time, the existing instrument, that is, the automatic color fastness friction tester is used as the negative ion generating device, and then the negative ion concentration of the fabric is tested.
5.2.2 Evaluation According to the FCL fabric negative ion test method: the sample test result is the average of more than 3 test results, the sample and the blank sample should be tested at the same time and in the same warehouse. Test result calculation:
The negative ion concentration of the sample (I) = the average value of the sample test sample negative ion concentration result (I1) å¹³å‡å€¼ the average value (I0) of the blank test sample negative ion concentration result.
The calculation results reflect the number of negative ions in the sample relative to the blank of the blank, and the number of negative ions in the blank is about 200. The FCL negative ion test method divides the sample test results into three grades: the calculation results 3 to 5 are evaluated as having negative ion function, the 5 to 10 evaluation is negative ion release good textiles, and the above 10 evaluation is negative ion release excellent textiles.
The test principle of this method is not fundamentally different from the handcuff method, and it is more accurate and reproducible.
6 Application of negative ion fiber and textiles (see Table 1) 
7 Problems in the development of negative ion fiber and textiles As a new type of health functional material, negative ion textiles still have some problems that need to be solved.
(1) In the production process of negative ion fiber and fabric, due to the poor internal structural stability of natural ore, the use of it as an additive can not guarantee the consistency of the performance of negative ion textiles. Therefore, the negative ion materials used as additives must undergo strict screening and scientific and rational preparation.
(2) So far, there is no uniform measurement standard for the amount of negative ions generated in textiles at home and abroad, and the test methods are not the same. The precision of the measuring instruments needs to be further improved. Therefore, it is quite urgent and necessary to explore and find scientific and accurate test methods.
8 Conclusion After entering the 21st century, people's health awareness has rapidly increased, and the new concept of “having health has everything†is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Therefore, the active development of new negative ion health care textiles with high added value and high-tech content has important practical significance and broad development prospects.
references:
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