Fertilizer is an indispensable material for the growth of medicinal plants. It plays an important role in promoting the growth and development of medicinal plants and increasing yield and quality. However, it is necessary to pay attention to rational fertilization, and it cannot be applied in a conventional way or in the fertilization method of other crops. According to the relevant provisions of the standardized production of “gap†in the traditional Chinese medicine village, the following points are summarized for reference by the majority of pharmaceutical farmers during production.
1. According to the varieties and characteristics of Chinese medicinal materials, the types and quantities of nutrients required for fertilization of Chinese medicinal materials are different due to their types, varieties and stages of growth and development. Generally for perennial, especially rhizome medicinal plants, such as white peony, rhubarb, Codonopsis, Achyranthes, peony, etc., mainly applying fully decomposed organic fertilizer, adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and using chemical fertilizer to meet the whole growth. The need for nutrients in the cycle; for the whole Chinese herbal medicines, the nitrogen fertilizer can be appropriately applied; for the Chinese herbal medicines of flowers, fruits and seeds, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied. In the different growth stages of Chinese medicinal materials, the fertilization is also different. In the early stage of growth, the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be less, and the concentration should be lower. In the middle growth period, the amount and concentration of nitrogen fertilizer should be increased appropriately. In the later stage of growth, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be used to promote fruit ripening. The seeds are full.
2. Fertilize according to soil characteristics (1) Sandy soil: It is necessary to re-apply organic fertilizer, such as manure, compost, green manure, soil and fertilizer, etc., and add clay to thicken the soil layer and enhance its water retention capacity. Top dressing should be applied in small amounts, avoiding the loss of too much use at one time. (2) Clay soil: more organic fertilizer should be applied, combined with sand and furnace ash, to loosen the soil, create permeable and ventilating conditions, and use quick-acting fertilizer as seed fertilizer and early topdressing to facilitate seedling hair growth. Tree. (3) Two-in-one soil: This kind of soil has the advantages of both sand and clay. It is the most ideal soil for most Chinese herbal medicine cultivation. Fertilization is combined with organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and it is reasonably applied according to the needs of each growth stage of cultivars.
3. According to the weather fertilization in the low temperature, dry seasons and regions, it is best to apply decomposed organic fertilizer to improve the ground temperature and preservation ability, and the fertilizer should be applied early and deep, in order to fully exert the fertilizer effect. Chemical nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and fermented organic fertilizer together as base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and top dressing are beneficial to early seedling growth and robust growth. In high temperature, rainy seasons and regions, fertilizers decompose quickly, plants have strong decomposition ability, and topdressing should not be applied too early, and should be less and less, in order to reduce nutrient loss.
4. Fertilization principle (1) Mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. (2) Based on the base fertilizer, with the application of top dressing and seed fertilizer. (3) Based on farmyard manure, farmyard manure is combined with chemical fertilizer. The use of chemical fertilizers on the basis of the application of farmyard manure can make up for the shortcomings, help each other, and continuously improve the fertility of the soil. At the same time, it can improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, overcome the side effects of simple application of chemical fertilizers, and improve the quality of Chinese herbal medicines.
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