Thickeners come in various types and are classified based on their chemical structure, production method, and application. They can be organic or inorganic, natural or synthetic, and categorized by how they interact with the paint system—such as through swelling, dissolution, or association. Common thickeners used in architectural coatings include HEUR (e.g., polyurethane), HASE (ASE), HEC (HMEC), and inorganic materials like bentonite and attapulgite.
Each type of thickener has unique characteristics:
HEUR (Hydrophobic Associating) thickeners, such as polyurethane-based ones, are non-ionic and have surfactant-like properties. Their thickening effect is influenced by water, co-solvents, and surfactants. They offer excellent anti-splatter, leveling, and film fullness. These thickeners also provide good scrub resistance, alkali resistance, and prevent flocculation in latex paints. Non-flocculated coatings have better luster potential, and the resulting films are dense, offering strong resistance to penetration and corrosion. They are not sensitive to electrolytes and do not degrade biologically.
HASE (Hydrophilic Associating) or ASE (Alkali-Swellable) thickeners are anionic and highly pH-sensitive. They create a flocculated, uneven system that may reduce gloss. They have poor water and corrosion resistance, are sensitive to electrolytes, and do not biodegrade.
Cellulose-based thickeners like HEC (Hydroxyethyl Cellulose) or HMEC are non-ionic and pH-insensitive. However, they also result in a flocculated system, which can lead to a matte finish and are biodegradable.
Inorganic thickeners, such as bentonite, exhibit strong thixotropy but have less impact on medium and high shear viscosity compared to other types like HASE or cellulose.
When selecting a formula, different decorative effects require specific rheological properties:
In high PVC systems, HAS660 is often used alone or combined with PU for optimal performance.
In mercerized, semi-gloss, and high-gloss coatings, HEUR thickeners with luster potential, such as DSX3116, DSX3256, and DSX1550, are preferred. These help avoid using thickeners with flocculating properties like cellulose, which can lower gloss and limit PVC improvement.
For fine particle size, high emulsion, and high pigment systems, Newtonian thickeners like DSX3075 are ideal. Avoid using thickeners with low or medium shear viscosity, such as T1550.
In strong touch-denatured brushing coatings, thickeners with strong thixotropy, such as DSX1130 or DSX3290, are recommended for better control and application performance.
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