The use of marine energy is the forefront of energy research in the world today. According to statistics, the wave energy in the oceans around the world reaches 70 billion kilowatts, which accounts for 94% of the total ocean energy. It is the main body of various ocean energy. However, for more than a century, ocean wave energy has high development costs, small scale, and poor economic returns. However, the features of short offshore sea cycle, low wave height, and low energy flow density have always hampered its large-scale commercial development and utilization. The research and development of a new, simple and sustainable wave energy harvesting system has gradually become the focus of social attention.
Professor Wang Zhonglin of the Institute of Nano-Energy and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology and the Chinese Academy of Science, USA, has recently developed various types of friction nano-generators, which have revolutionized the traditional concept of energy collection. Professor Wang Zhonglin's team made innovative use of the frictional electrification phenomenon at the solid-liquid interface and successfully developed a water-energy friction nano-generator that was used to collect kinetic energy from rivers, raindrops, and waves.
Through the combined application of the four basic modes of friction nano-generators, it is possible to efficiently recover kinetic energy resources in the ocean, including fluctuations in water, waves, currents, and sea water. If these frictional nano-generators are placed in a network in the sea, according to estimates, megawatts of electricity can be generated per square kilometer of sea surface, and it may become a new type of blue energy. The latest relevant results were recently published in "Adv. Mater.2014, 26, 4690" and "Applied Chemistry" (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 1), ACS Nano and other internationally renowned journals. .
1. For the first time, solid-liquid interface friction power generation
It is generally believed that frictional electrification can only occur under relatively dry conditions, but Professor Wang Zhonglin's team found that friction between the water surface and specific materials can also occur and can promote the charge on the material surface.
Based on this finding, a research team consisting of Dr. Linzong Zong and Dr. Cheng Gang developed a hydrodynamic friction nanogenerator capable of collecting water wave energy: a polymer-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) The contact surface of the film as a contact surface is continuously contacted and separated from the floating water surface, and current is output to the external circuit through the metal plate on the back surface of the polydimethylsiloxane and the metal plate in the water. The experimental results show that during the periodic contact with the water, the generator output voltage reaches 52 volts and the output current density is 2.54 mAm-2. The peak power density is 0.13 Wm-2. The results of this study are published in Applied Chemistry (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 125, 48).
2. Collect water droplets and wave kinetic energy at the same time
In order to further simplify the structure, a super-hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film coated with a metal electrode on the back is used as a friction surface to construct a single-electrode structure of a water-energy friction nano-generator, which simultaneously collects the kinetic energy of water droplets and waves.
The generator utilizes the triboelectric charge in the contact friction between the water droplet and the environment or the frictional surface, and the free electrons driven by the electrostatic induction effect are transferred back and forth between the equipotential and the single electrode to form the alternating current output current. Experiments show that under the effect of 30 microliter water droplets, the water can friction nanometer generator can output voltage 9.3V, output current 17μA, peak power 145μW. The research results are published in Advanced Materials (Adv. Mater., 2014, 26, 27).
3. Using water to friction nano-generators to achieve full wave power generation
(1) Generate electricity by using seawater floating up and down to cause the water to inundate and expose objects on the coast.
Under the leadership of Prof. Wang Zhongli, a team consisting of Dr. Zhu Guang and Su Yuanjie designed a hydrophobic shielded hydrophobic fluorinated ethylene-propylene-acrylic film (FEP) using water waves, and deposited on the backside of the strips. Electrodes, thus forming a highly integrated water-energy friction nanogenerator. The structure integrates the friction material, the metal electrode and the substrate on a flexible planar substrate, which will effectively reduce the device volume, reduce the weight, and greatly simplify the structure and integration process of the generator. In addition, the generator can also collect raindrops with peak output power of up to 0.12mW. The research results were published in the "American Journal of Chemistry" (ACS nano., 2014, 8, 6).
(2) Power generation using the waves crashing against the shore.
In response to this energy model, a team consisting of Wen Xiaonan and Dr. Yang Weiqing led by Professor Wang Zhonglin has developed a friction nano-generator with a wave electrode structure. Under the impact of external force, the wave electrode is deformed, and the vertical impact force is converted into lateral extension, so that the frictional surface of the electrode and the plane undergo sliding friction.
When the external force is removed, the wavy electrode contracts back to its original shape due to its elasticity. This repetition results in the transfer of free charge between the planar electrode and the wavy electrode and forms a current. Experiments show that under the man-made wave conditions of wave height 0.2m and velocity 1.2m/s, the output voltage of a single device reaches 30V and the output current is 6μA. The results of this study are published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, Nanomagazine. The results of this research are published in the American Journal of Chemical Society (ACS nano., 2014, 8, 7).
(3) Dual-mode water friction nano-generators. While collecting the frictional energy of the solid-liquid interface, it collects the kinetic energy of the sea beats to increase the recycling efficiency of the wave energy. In order to realize the organic combination of these two energy collections, a superhydrophobic nanostructured titanium dioxide layer, a polytetrafluoroethylene film and a bottom electrode were constructed to build a generator for collecting the interfacial frictional energy; from the polytetrafluoroethylene film, silica Nanoparticle layers and planar electrodes are used to build generators that collect the energy of water waves and waves, and integrate the two on the same device to form a dual-mode water-energy friction generator.
Experimental data show that at a flow rate of 40 mL/s, the two short-circuit currents of the friction nanogenerator can reach 43 μA and 18 μA, respectively, and the peak output energy density is 1.31 Wm-2 and 0.38 Wm-2. The results of this study are published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society (ACS nano., 2014, 8, 6, 6440–6448.)
(4) Use directional flow of water to generate electricity. A team consisting of Dr. Lin Zonghong and Dr. Cheng Gang led by Professor Wang Zhonglin has developed a composite friction nano-generator with a turntable structure consisting of two roller-type power generating units that are rotated coaxially.
Among them, the rear roller realizes the collection of the electrostatic friction energy of the water flow through the metal electrode deposited on the blade and the super-hydrophobic Teflon film. The front roller is a rotating disc friction nano-generator composed of a stator and a rotor. The impact causes sliding friction between the rotor and the stator to generate alternating current output currents, enabling collection of water flow energy. At a fixed flow of 54 mL/s, the two power generating units can output open circuit voltages of 72V and 102V, short-circuit currents of 12.9 μA and 3.8 μA, and instantaneous maximum power densities of 0.59 W/m2 and 0.03 W/m2, respectively. The results of this study are published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society (ACS nano., 2014, 8, 6, 6440–6448.)
The water energy friction nano-generator has the following unique advantages: First, it is a new type of generator based on new principles and methods. It only generates electric power based on the electrostatic friction between the water surface and the device. No additional conveyors and components are required. To collect water fluctuation energy. Secondly, this type of water-energy friction nanogenerator is small in size, light in weight, simple in structure and high in integration; Third, the cost of materials and manufacturing processes of the entire device is low, which is favorable for large-scale industrial production and practical applications; A wide variety of friction materials are selected, making the generator highly compatible with the environment.
Finally, the entire device is based on a flexible polymer film that is easy to process, has a long life, and is easily integrated with other process technologies. Due to the above advantages, hydropower friction nano-generators have very broad application prospects, and can not only obtain energy from various water resources such as rivers, raindrops, waves, etc., to supplement our increasingly depleted energy system. It can also be integrated into life jackets and navigation devices on the water, which will greatly reduce the dependence on power supplies and batteries with limited life, and effectively increase the survival probability and search and rescue efficiency of the crashed aircraft or ship personnel.
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