The granular form of liquid feed is a powdery or granular feed with many advantages, so it develops faster in foreign countries. In the 1960s and 1970s, suspension technology was applied to give greater flexibility in the production of liquid feed. In recent years, foreign liquid feeds have risen again after a few years of low, which shows that their vitality is strong. However, China's liquid feed processing is still an emerging technology, its production has just started, and people's understanding of its importance is not deep enough.
Type of liquid feed
Liquid compound feed It is a liquid feed product made up of water, molasses, fat, urea, protein, nitrogen, phosphorus, trace elements, vitamins and pharmaceutical additives. Animals can be fed directly, such as liquid molasses urea feed.
The liquid additive is a liquid additive for improving the nutritional value of the powder feed and adding some liquid feed such as molasses or fat rich in nutrients, minerals, trace elements and vitamins. It can be added to drinking water or directly sprayed on the surface of the pellets in the subsequent stages of the pellet feed production process, which plays an important role in ensuring the full price and palatability of the pellet feed.
Alcohol liquid feed It is a kind of compound feed. The alcohol can adjust the rumen fermentation of ruminants to the most suitable state, thereby increasing the utilization efficiency of urea and roughage.
Liquid feed such as water as a carrier is characterized by water as a carrier, adding copper, zinc, manganese, iron, antioxidants, vitamins, growth promoting agents, etc., firstly formulated into a concentrated mother liquor, which can be diluted with water.
The liquid milk substitute is mainly composed of hydrolyzed yeast, potato starch and sunflower oil, and contains no milk powder or skim milk powder, and its chemical composition and amino acid composition are similar to whole milk.
The suspended liquid feed is based on the traditional liquid feed, and the suspending agent is added, so that the added components can be evenly distributed, overcome the shortcomings of the traditional liquid feed, and also make many water-insoluble or syrup-insoluble. The addition of a substance such as calcium carbonate or the like becomes easy.
Liquid Fermented Feed It is a new type of liquid feed produced by fine fermentation under certain conditions (pH, temperature, water-to-feed ratio and fermentation accelerator) on the basis of traditional liquid feed. The use of liquid fermented feeds produces more acid than the use of acidulants.
Application effect of liquid feed
Liquid feed can increase the digestibility of nutrients in animals. This is because the relative mash content of the liquid feed is much smaller than that of the dry feed, which increases the surface area of ​​the contact digestive enzyme, increases the hydration rate, accelerates the penetration of the digestive enzyme, and improves the activity of the enzyme in the feed material; Mix evenly to avoid picky eaters. Liquid feed can also change the physical and chemical properties and biological composition of the diet, which plays an important role in animal health and production performance.
Application of liquid feed in pig production The use of liquid feed in the entire European pig industry accounts for 30%, specifically 30% in Germany, 20% in the UK, and 30% to 50% in Denmark, Ireland and the Netherlands. Currently in Thailand and the Philippines in Asia are also gradually applied. However, in China's intensive pig production, domestic feed types are basically powder and pellets. Research on liquid feed is still an emerging technology and its application has not yet started.
Application in weaned pigs The digestive system of weaned pigs is not fully developed. It is difficult to digest and absorb typical weaning diets based on fruit and vegetable protein due to weaning stress. Therefore, liquid feed becomes feeding. The best choice for weaning pigs. Because the liquid feed has good palatability, uniform mixing, balanced nutrition, and avoiding picky eating of the piglets, it can improve the feed intake of the piglets, improve the growth performance of the piglets, and reduce the mortality. It also improves the health and physiological function of the intestines of weaned pigs. After weaning, the pH of the pig's stomach rises sharply, which is not enough to inhibit the growth of pathogens. Liquid fermented feed solves this problem. It reduces the pH of the pig's stomach and inhibits the growth of pathogens. In the weaned pigs fed solid diets, the low pH environment in the stomach is destroyed, so feeding liquid feed can improve the health and physiological functions of the intestines.
Application in finishing pigs In the fattening stage of pigs, an important advantage of liquid feed is that a large amount of cheap liquid raw materials can be used in the feed formulation. Such as liquid amino acids, enzymes and food industry by-products (beer by-products, potato processing by-products). This reduces environmental pollution caused by by-products of the food industry; on the other hand, it reduces the cost of feed formulations. In terms of feeding effect, liquid feeding increased feed intake and daily gain, improved feed efficiency and pig environment, but reduced carcass yield.
Application in sow production Under the current intensive and factory feeding conditions, the mother machine is running at high speed as a breeding machine, so that the feed intake of lactating sows is difficult to meet the nutritional needs of milk production, and the milk yield of sows is reduced. The body condition is seriously declining and the re-estrus time is prolonged, which in turn increases the sow elimination rate. Liquid feed can improve the dry matter intake of lactating sows and improve production performance. In addition, pregnant sows use liquid feed, because the feed volume is large, so that the stomach has a feeling of fullness, keeping the pregnant sow quiet.
Application of liquid feed in ruminants Urea and sugar in liquid feed can be released in the rumen at a certain rate and speed to avoid causing bovine ammonia poisoning. The addition of soluble carbohydrates such as molasses can mask the bitterness of urea, has good palatability, and the liquid feed is acidic (pH 3.8-5.0), so it has an appetizing effect, which can increase the feed intake of beef cattle, thereby further improving its production performance.
The use of liquid feed in poultry production is relatively less used in poultry production than ruminants and pigs. Feeding of poultry is influenced by factors such as hormones, neuroreceptors and palatability of feed. After the poultry feeds the liquid feed, it has a feeling of fullness, and the liquid feed is evenly mixed, which improves the palatability and thus improves the feed conversion rate. The test proved that the liquid feed additive made the broiler weight to 2.25 kg at 56 days, the feed to meat ratio reached 2.2, and the survival rate reached 96.8%. Compared with the solid additive, the feed consumption was 9.2%, the survival rate was increased by 1.5%, and the dry matter was coarse. The digestibility of protein, organic matter and total energy increased by 3.9%, 2.62%, 2.43% and 2.31%, respectively. The coefficient of variation of chicken population decreased by 40.5%, which showed that the growth and development of chickens were consistent and the overall condition was good. According to reports, compared with solid feed additives, the feed intake is increased by 5% to 10%, the dry matter digestibility is increased by 3.1%, the crude protein digestibility is increased by 2.6%, and the organic matter digestibility is increased by 2.4. %.
Problems in liquid feed application
The quality of liquid feed is unstable and the composition is different. For example, the composition and content of oil and molasses vary with the production batch and manufacturer, but methionine hydroxyl analogue, amino acid, choline chloride, ethoxyquin, etc. The content of the product is relatively stable.
The application equipment for liquid feed is large. Separate liquid addition systems must be installed for each liquid feedstock, requiring specialized piping and silos, which are relatively expensive to add. However, the cost of these equipment is only a one-time investment. When the liquid addition system is installed, the use of liquid raw materials can save other costs. And adding a liquid system can free up a dry silo for storing dry materials.
Liquid feed requires a high level of skill. When feeding liquid feed in winter, the pig house will have high humidity and must be ventilated. In summer, liquid feed will remain in the pipeline, causing spoilage. Therefore, the development of liquid feed needs to work hard from the following aspects: from the perspective of liquid feed nutrition, develop a more scientific and rational formula; research and develop reliable and efficient liquid feed processing equipment and feeding equipment; Breeding technology, establish a modern farm and feed plant contact network, use pipelines for feed transportation, and adopt efficient talent management measures; add acid plus enzyme or inoculant probiotic fermentation to liquid feed to improve nutrient digestibility and truly replace Antibiotics achieve green feed.
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