In mid-March this year, the North China Environmental Protection Supervision Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection conducted a comprehensive inspection of the iron and steel enterprises in Hebei Province. This inspection conveyed the "positive energy" that environmental protection played in the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries. At the same time, it also warned the steel industry that the steel industry must be completely transformed. It is not only to look at immediate interests and ignore long-term costs.
From May 9th to 12th, the reporter visited environmental protection experts, environmental protection manufacturers, steel factory owners and other people for the key and difficult problems exposed by the inspection.
It is understood that the inspection involved nearly 300 steel enterprises in Hebei Province, and there are sintering machines and desulfurization devices that do not conform to industrial policies, unreasonable design, low emission standards, and low management level. Key and difficult issues.
The reporter learned that the inspection found 49 sintering machines under 90 square meters that are not in line with the national industrial policy, and 44 blast furnaces below 400 cubic meters. 60% of the operating enterprises have environmental problems, 70% of which belong to dust removal facilities. It is not normal, and most enterprises have serious unorganized emissions; more than 80% of the production wastewater is used for slag and quenching only after simple precipitation filtration, so that pollutants are converted from liquid to gaseous.
Xu Manxing, an expert in the metallurgical industry and a professor at the University of Science and Technology of Beijing, said in an interview: "The energy consumption of the pre-iron sintering process accounts for about 12% of the total energy consumption of steel production, second only to iron making, which is essential in energy conservation and consumption reduction; The amount of sulphur dioxide emitted in the sintering process accounts for 70% to 90% of the total emissions of iron and steel enterprises. Reducing the sulphur dioxide emissions in the sintering process is decisive for reducing the total sulphur dioxide emissions in the iron and steel industry. Hebei's steel output ranks first in the country and is in environmental control. Focus areas, so the importance of reducing sulfur dioxide emissions from the sintering process is self-evident."
A staff member of the Hebei Iron and Steel Industry Association said: "The treatment of sulfur dioxide pollution from sintering flue gas is mainly accomplished by installing a desulfurization device on the sintering machine. According to the survey, there are 165 sintering machines in the main steel enterprises in Hebei Province, with an average single sintering area of ​​109. The square meter is lower than the national average. Among these enterprises, only 53 steel enterprises have built or are building flue gas desulfurization devices. Steel enterprises must simultaneously complete the supporting desulfurization equipment for sintering machines. At the same time, accelerate the elimination process of sintering machines. Resolutely eliminate the sintering machine and ring sintering machine below 30 square meters. Before the end of this year, the sintering machine below 90 square meters will be eliminated. Before the end of 2015, all the provinces will realize the desulphurization of the sintering machine, and the sulfur dioxide emissions per ton of steel will fall below 1.0 kg."
The reporter learned from the exchanges with some steel factory owners that most manufacturers reported that the operation of the desulfurization system was not satisfactory. The desulfurization equipment could not operate normally due to reasons such as technology, quality, operating cost and poor management; desulfurization facilities and energy conservation at The synchronous operation rate of the sintering machine is low, and the actual comprehensive desulfurization efficiency is only about 50%, which is far below the design value of 90%.
Why is this thorny problem? An industry insider said that the first is the lack of technical demonstration and approval system for the construction of environmental protection projects in steel mills. There is a certain blindness in the choice of technical solutions, which has increased energy consumption and caused waste. Second, the desulfurization device has a large investment and high operating costs, and the supporting facilities for the construction of the sintering desulfurization device are heavy. Third, the industry management is not perfect, the access and performance requirements of environmental protection companies are not high, vicious competition is fierce, and mutual price reduction, resulting in low quality of equipment selection and material selection; most environmental protection companies do not have their own construction team, subcontracting the project to The construction team with low qualifications and insufficient experience has blindly pursued to reduce costs, resulting in poor construction quality of environmental protection facilities and failure to operate normally. Fourth, the automation level of the whole set of environmental protection facilities is not high, the test parameters can not be automated and continuously measured, and some facilities rely on manual measurement parameters, which are prone to human error and fraud, and are not conducive to the supervision of the competent authorities. Fifth, the overall level of operation operators and management teams of environmental protection facilities is low, there is no environmental protection facility maintenance mechanism, facilities are excessively corroded, worn or even unable to transport new energy lines, and the synchronous operation rate of environmental protection facilities and production equipment is low.
In the current abnormal and cruel market situation, in the face of the country's new and higher sintering machine flue gas pollution control requirements and increasingly strict environmental protection supervision, the correct choice of sintering flue gas desulfurization process technology has become a very important in front of steel enterprises. Important and urgent work.
Faced with the current situation of the success rate of sintering facilities in the steel industry and the low rate of operation compliance, the person in charge of a steel company can honestly make five suggestions:
First, carry out innovation in the construction model. At present, there is no mature sintering desulfurization technology and process. As far as Hebei Wu'an area is concerned, the process adopted for the sintering flue gas desulfurization device is in the trial stage, and the actual application effect is to be further verified and evaluated. It is hoped that the state will introduce policies and encourage the use of the "project general contracting + operation general contracting" model, "investment + project general contracting + operation contracting" mode to undertake the operation of desulfurization and environmental protection measures, strengthen environmental responsibility, achieve professional operation, and improve the desulfurization effect.
Second, standardize industry management and improve access thresholds. It is necessary to ensure the construction quality and operation quality of environmental protection facilities, promote the improvement and development of environmental protection enterprises, strengthen industry supervision, and strengthen the verification of emission reductions of environmental protection facilities; and reduce emissions of enterprises with a synchronization rate of less than 90% in desulphurization facilities and sintering machines. The amount is not recognized, and financial penalties are imposed for the smuggling and shutting down of environmental protection facilities, and the criminal responsibility is seriously investigated. Enhance the importance attached by steel enterprises to environmental protection and energy conservation and emission reduction, and attach importance to the construction and operation of environmental protection facilities.
Third, it is necessary to establish an audit and approval system for the construction of environmental protection facilities. Before the construction of environmental protection facilities, experts must be certified and audited to eliminate backward processes and technologies; the qualifications and performance of environmental protection companies should be reviewed, and those that do not have qualifications and poor performance will not be approved. Avoid unqualified projects and unqualified environmental companies from the source.
Fourth, vigorously promote the experience of using by-products. Thoroughly solve the problem of sintering flue gas pollution, not only to achieve efficient desulfurization of flue gas, but also to solve the problem of effective use of by-products.
Fifth, the strength of policy measures should be in place. If the government's capital investment is increased and the existing steel enterprises are to be transformed into sintering technology, local governments should give priority to energy-saving emission reduction and environmental protection special fund support; for enterprises that do not carry out sintering technology transformation, they will not give special funds for energy conservation and emission reduction. Special funds for environmental protection.
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