Introduction of various classification methods of aluminum alloy extrusion
China Aluminum Industry Network categorizes extrusion processes based on various criteria, offering a comprehensive understanding of the different types and techniques used in metal forming. One key classification is based on the extrusion direction, which includes forward extrusion, reverse extrusion, and lateral extrusion. These methods differ in how the material is pushed or pulled through the die, affecting the final product's properties and structural integrity.
Another important classification considers deformation characteristics, such as plane deformation extrusion, axisymmetric deformation extrusion, and general 3D deformation extrusion. Each type involves distinct stress and strain distributions during the process, influencing the material flow and resulting microstructure.
Extrusion can also be categorized by lubrication status, which plays a critical role in reducing friction and improving surface quality. This includes non-lubricated extrusion (also known as sticking friction extrusion), conventional lubrication extrusion, glass lubrication extrusion, and ideal lubrication extrusion, such as hydrostatic extrusion, where a fluid film reduces direct contact between the billet and the die.
Temperature is another key factor in extrusion. Cold extrusion is performed at room temperature, while hot extrusion takes place at elevated temperatures to enhance material formability. There is also warm extrusion, which falls between these two extremes. The choice of temperature depends on the material being processed and the desired outcome.
Extrusion speed further divides the process into low-speed extrusion (commonly referred to as ordinary extrusion) and high-speed extrusion, including impact extrusion, which is considered ultra-high-speed. The speed affects the mechanical properties of the extruded product and the energy required for the process.
Based on the mold or die structure, extrusion methods include conical die extrusion, diverting die extrusion, and perforated needle extrusion, which can be further divided into fixed-needle and following-needle extrusion. These variations allow for greater flexibility in shaping complex profiles and structures.
The shape and number of blanks also influence the extrusion method. Common types include round billet extrusion, flat billet extrusion, and multi-blank composite extrusion. Depending on the shape or number of bars, extrusion can produce extruded bars, pipes, solid profiles, and hollow profiles. Additionally, single-profile extrusion (using a single-hole die) and multi-profile extrusion (using a porous die) are employed to create multiple parts in one operation, increasing efficiency and reducing production costs.
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