The Kunshan explosion has drawn widespread attention to the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. These silent yet deadly tragedies have surged dramatically alongside China's rapid industrial growth in recent years. According to the Anhui Provincial Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, there were 490 new cases of occupational diseases reported in Anhui last year, including pneumoconiosis, poisoning, and noise-induced illnesses.
**Occupational Diseases: Old Issues, New Threats**
Statistics from the Anhui Provincial Hospital for Occupational Diseases reveal that in 2012, 927 new cases were recorded, while in 2013, the number dropped to 490. Among these, pneumoconiosis accounted for 88.4%, with 433 cases. At the same time, new types of occupational diseases are on the rise. As Chen Yuchun, deputy director of the institute, explained, "Old problems persist, and new ones keep emerging." Traditional diseases remain prevalent, but with the acceleration of industrialization, new risks have also appeared. For example, imported anti-corrosive materials and solvents can cause serious health issues if not properly managed, affecting the skin, nervous system, and blood. Additionally, white-collar workers are increasingly exposed to hazards like electromagnetic radiation and microwave exposure from modern technology.
**Challenges in Workplace Prevention and Control**
Chen Yuchun has long been involved in occupational disease prevention and has often visited factories to assess safety measures. He expressed frustration at the lack of enforcement. In mining operations, workers often go without dust masks or protective gear. Many open-pit mines lack proper dust suppression systems, and workers do not wear masks or earplugs as required. In ceramic and stone processing industries, dust control systems are frequently absent, and in furniture manufacturing, dangerous machinery is used without adequate ventilation.
In shoe-making, leather processing, and other industries that use adhesives, hazardous and non-hazardous areas are not separated. Workers lack proper respiratory protection and gloves, putting their health at risk. Some companies even skip essential safety equipment to cut costs, leading to severe dust and chemical exposure. Workers often only wear basic masks, which offer little real protection.
**Four Key Factors Behind the Rise in Occupational Diseases**
According to Chen Yuchun, four main factors contribute to the high incidence of occupational diseases:
- **Lack of Effective Management in SMEs:** Small and medium enterprises often neglect workplace safety due to underinvestment and weak legal awareness. Some companies prioritize profit over worker health.
- **Insufficient Government Oversight:** Local governments sometimes fail to regulate new projects properly, leading to early-stage occupational hazards going unaddressed.
- **Disordered Labor Management:** Many small businesses avoid formal employment contracts, leaving workers without proper protections or access to social security.
- **Low Worker Awareness:** Employees, especially migrant workers, often lack knowledge about occupational risks and their rights. They may not know how to protect themselves or seek compensation after being diagnosed.
With such challenges, the need for stronger regulations, better enforcement, and increased worker education becomes more urgent than ever.
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