The Kunshan explosion has drawn widespread attention to the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. These silent, yet deadly, tragedies have surged in recent years alongside China's rapid industrial growth. According to the Anhui Provincial Institute for Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, there were 490 new cases of occupational diseases reported in Anhui last year, including pneumoconiosis, poisoning, and noise-related illnesses.
**Occupational Diseases: Old Issues, New Threats**
Statistics from the Anhui Provincial Hospital for Occupational Diseases show that 927 new cases were recorded in 2012, while the number dropped to 490 in 2013. Pneumoconiosis accounted for 88.4% of these cases, with 433 individuals affected. At the same time, new types of occupational diseases are also on the rise. As Chen Yuchun, deputy director of the Anhui Provincial Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, explained, “Old problems remain, and new ones keep emerging.†With the acceleration of industrialization, new substances such as imported anti-corrosion materials and solvents are now posing serious risks to workers' health, affecting their skin, nervous system, and blood. Additionally, white-collar workers are increasingly exposed to hazards like electromagnetic radiation and microwave exposure.
Chen noted that this year, the proportion of new occupational disease cases has reached 15%, indicating a growing complexity in the field.
**Enterprise-Level Prevention Remains a Challenge**
Chen has spent years inspecting factories across the region, often feeling helpless when witnessing poor safety practices. In mining operations, he observed workers without proper dust masks, and many open-pit mines lacked effective dust suppression systems. Protective equipment such as masks and earplugs was either missing or not used properly.
In ceramic and stone processing industries, and even in furniture manufacturing, some companies had installed exhaust systems, but not all. In sectors like shoe-making and leather processing, hazardous areas were not properly separated from safe zones, and workers lacked adequate protection like activated carbon masks and rubber gloves. Some companies even skipped essential protective measures to cut costs, leaving workers exposed to severe dust and toxins.
“We can only offer guidance and reminders; we have no authority to punish,†Chen said. “It’s frustrating to see this happen. However, there are also companies that do well in occupational disease prevention. We visit them and provide recommendations.â€
He added that state-owned and foreign enterprises tend to be more proactive in protecting their workers, while private companies and small workshops often neglect safety measures.
**Four Key Factors Contributing to High Rates of Occupational Diseases**
According to Chen, several major factors contribute to the rising incidence of occupational diseases:
- Many small and medium-sized enterprises lack effective occupational health management systems and fail to invest in better working conditions. Some managers ignore legal responsibilities, prioritizing profit over worker safety.
- Local governments sometimes lack awareness of occupational hazards and fail to enforce regulations strictly. New projects with potential risks are not properly controlled, leading to delayed prevention efforts.
- Labor management is disorganized, and social security systems are incomplete. Many small businesses, especially in high-risk industries, do not formally hire workers or sign contracts, making it difficult to track and protect them.
- Workers themselves often lack awareness of occupational risks and how to protect themselves. Employers rarely inform them about hazards or provide necessary training. Migrant workers, in particular, may not know their rights or how to seek compensation after developing an illness.
Many workers only realize they have a condition like pneumoconiosis after returning home, and finding work injury recognition and compensation becomes a major challenge.
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