Dimethylformamide (DMF), as an important chemical raw material and excellent solvent, is mainly used in polyurethane, acrylic, medicine, pesticides, dyes, electronics and Other industries. In the polyurethane industry as a washing and curing agent, mainly used for wet synthetic leather production; as a synthetic drug intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry, widely used in the production of doxycycline, cortisone, sulfa drugs; in the acrylic industry As a solvent, it is mainly used in the dry spinning production of acrylic fiber; in the pesticide industry, it is used to synthesize pesticides with high efficiency and low toxicity; in the dye industry as a dye solvent; in the electronics industry as a quenching and circuit board for tin-plated parts Cleaning, etc.; other industries include carriers for hazardous gases, solvents for pharmaceutical crystallization, and adhesives.
Although it is a "universal solvent," it also has its limitations. High boiling point, 154 °C, as a solvent for many polymer materials is more appropriate.
In the organic synthesis should be carefully selected, often encounter solvent decontamination. Again, ah, it can be miscible with water. It is very difficult to dehydrate the solvent by simply recovering the solvent. When it costs, it is washed off with water.
In small trials, the feasibility of large-scale production must be considered. You need to calculate the cost and wastewater treatment plan.
An organosilicon compound refers to a compound containing an Si-O bond and in which at least one organic group is directly linked to a silicon atom.
It is also customary to use compounds that connect organic groups with silicon atoms through oxygen, *, nitrogen, etc. as organosilicon compounds. Among them, a polysiloxane composed of a silicon-oxygen bond (-Si-O-Si-) as a skeleton.
It is the largest of the organic silicon compounds, the deepest research and the most widely used one.
About 90% of the total usage.
Silicone materials vary in their form.
Can be divided into: silane coupling agent (silicone chemical reagent), silicone oil (silicone grease, silicon emulsion, silicon surfactant), high temperature * silicon rubber, liquid silicone rubber, silicone resin, composites and so on.
Due to the unique structure of organic silicon, it combines the properties of inorganic materials and organic materials, and has basic properties such as low surface tension, low viscosity and temperature coefficient, high compressibility, high gas permeability, and high and low temperature resistance, electrical insulation, and oxidation stability. It is widely used in aerospace, electronic and electrical, construction, transportation, chemical, textile, food, light industry, medical and other industries due to its excellent properties such as resistance, weather resistance, flame retardancy, hydrophobicity, corrosion resistance, non-toxicity, tastelessness, and physiological inertness.
Silicone is mainly used in sealing, bonding, lubrication, coating, surface activity, demoulding, defoaming, foam suppression, waterproof, moisture-proof, inert filling and so on. With the continuous increase in the number and variety of organic silicon, the application field is continuously expanding, forming an important product system that is unique in the new chemical material industry.
Many varieties are irreplaceable and indispensable for other chemicals.
Potash fertilizer: A unit fertilizer with the indicated amount of potassium (K or K2O) is potash fertilizer. Can improve soil potassium supply and plant potassium nutrition. According to the chemical composition of potash fertilizer can be divided into chlorine and potassium fertilizers and chlorine-free potash fertilizer. All potash fertilizers are water-soluble but also contain some other insoluble ingredients. The main potash fertilizers are potassium chloride, **potassium, potassium salt, potassium and magnesium salt, carnallite, ***, and kiln ash potash. The application of potash fertilizer depends not only on the potassium supply capacity of the soil, but also on the type of crop, agricultural production level, and climate and soil conditions. Potassium content in soil, morphology and its transformation and potassium supply capacity are important basis for rational distribution and application of potassium fertilizer. The total potassium content of the soil varies greatly, generally from 0.1% to 3%, with an average of about 1%. Potassium in soil includes three forms: 1 Mineral potassium. Mainly in the soil coarse fraction.
About 90% of total potassium, plants are extremely difficult to absorb. 2 slow-acting potassium. About 2% to 8% of total potassium is the source of potassium for soil release. 3 available potassium. Refers to the replacement of potassium ions in soil colloids and potassium ions in soil solution. Plants mainly absorb potassium ions in soil solution. The potassium level of the seasonal plant mainly depends on the content of soil available potassium. Generally, the content of available potassium is only 0.1% to 2% of total potassium. Besides the effects of cultivation and fertilization, it is also controlled by the slow release of potassium storage and conversion rate of the soil.
TDI (** diisohydride) is one of the commonly used polyisohydric esters, while polyisohydrates are polyurethane (PU) materials and important basic raw materials. It is a transparent liquid with a pungent odor that is colorless or light yellow.
It turns yellow under ultraviolet irradiation; it is easily heated in alloy steel container; it reacts with hydroxyl, water, amine and active hydrogen compound in hydroxyl compound to produce ester, urea, semicarbazide and biuret etc. . Mainly used for the production of flexible polyurethane foams and polyurethane elastomers, coatings, adhesives and so on.
*** referred to as ammonium nitrate.
It is currently a major nitrogen fertilizer species in the world. About 3.5% of China's current total nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen form is ** root, is a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer. In fact, *** both nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, but its nature is closer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer.
*** The molecular formula is NH4NO3, containing 34% to 35% nitrogen, with nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen each accounting for half. Nitramine is industrially produced by synthesizing a part of ammonium synthesis at high temperature, pressure and platinum catalysis to synthesize HNO3, and then absorb ammonia to produce ammonium nitrate. The reaction formula is as follows:
NH3 O2→HNO3 H2O
HNO3 NH3→NH4NO3
Ammonium nitrate does not leave residues in the soil and can be absorbed by crops. It is a physiologically neutral fertilizer. Ammonium nitrate is suitable for a wide range of soils and crops, but it is most suitable for dry and dry crops and is particularly suitable for cash crops such as tobacco, cotton, and vegetables. For rice, it is generally used as middle and late fertilizer, and the effect is also good.
As a basal fertilizer, its fertilizer efficiency is lower than other nitrogen fertilizers.
Glass fiber is an engineering material. With the characteristics of non-flammability, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, low temperature absorption, and small deformation coefficient, this new material product has covered electrical appliances, electronics, transportation, chemical engineering, construction engineering, heat insulation, sound absorption, fire protection and environment Protection and other fields.
Urea Formula: CO(NH2)2, Alias: Carboxamide, Carboxamide, Urea. Because it is contained in human urine, it is named urea. Urea contains nitrogen (N) 46%.
It is the highest content of nitrogen in solid nitrogen fertilizer. It is the first organic compound synthesized, and it is widely found in nature, such as 0.4% urea in fresh human feces. Urea production accounts for about 40% of China's current total nitrogen fertilizer output, and is one of the major nitrogen fertilizers after ammonium bicarbonate. Urea began as a nitrogen fertilizer in the early 20th century. After the 1950s, the nitrogen content of urea was high (45% to 46%).
With a wide range of uses and continuous improvement of industrial processes, countries around the world have developed rapidly. China began to establish a medium-sized urea plant from the 1960s. From 1986 to 1992, China's urea production was over 9 million tons. At present, it accounts for 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer production.
Industrial use of ** and carbon dioxide as raw materials.
Direct synthesis of urea under high temperature and pressure conditions.
The chemical reaction is as follows:
2NH3 CO2→NH2COONH4→CO(NH2)2 N2O
Urea is readily soluble in water and dissolves in 105 ml of water in 100 ml at 20°C. The aqueous solution is a neutral reaction.
Trimethylamine: Molecular Formula C3H9N; (CH3)3N. Appearance and properties are colorless with gas smelly fish oil.
Soluble in water, ethanol, ** and so on. The main purpose is to analyze reagents and used in organic synthesis, also used as disinfectants.
Compound fertilizer has the advantages of high nutrient content, less accessory components and good physical properties.
For balanced fertilization.
Increase fertilizer utilization.
Promoting the high and stable production of crops has a very important role. But it also has some drawbacks.
For example, its nutrient ratio is always fixed, and the types, quantities, and proportions of nutrients needed for different soils and crops are diverse. therefore.
Before the use of the best soil testing, understand the texture and nutritional status of field soil, and also pay attention to the application of fertilizer and unit, in order to get better results. With the increase of grain yield, the phenomenon of soil nutrient deficiency has already been demonstrated. Now farmers have begun to use more multiple compound fertilizers.
Features: long compound fertilizer effect.
Should do base fertilizer. Slow decomposition.
For crops that use compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer at the time of sowing, the available nitrogen fertilizers should be promptly added to topdressing fertilizers in accordance with the law of fertilizer demand of different crops to meet the nutritional needs of crops.
Compound fertilizers contain two or more elements.
Ammonia volatilization or rain loss.
Phosphorus and potassium are easily fixed by the soil, especially phosphorus is less mobile in the soil, and it is not easy to be absorbed and utilized by crop roots on the surface, and it is also not conducive to deep rooting. Fertilizer cannot be dissolved in the event of drought.
Fertilizer efficiency is even worse. Therefore, the application of compound fertilizers should be avoided as much as possible on the surface and should be covered with soil.
NaOH, commonly known as caustic soda, caustic soda or caustic soda, sodium hydroxide. It is a strong base, highly corrosive, and is generally used to make soaps, treat papermaking pulp, and absorb some of the exhaust.
And for use as an experimental reagent.
The soda ash is Na2CO3, soluble in water and strongly alkaline, and can provide Na ions. These properties make them widely used in soaps, textiles, printing and dyeing, bleaching, papermaking, refined petroleum, metallurgy and other chemical industries. In the paper industry.
First of all, chemical methods are used to cook cellulose-containing raw materials (such as wood) and chemicals into pulp. The so-called alkaline pulping is the use of caustic soda or soda solution as a cooking liquid to remove the raw materials of lignin, carbohydrates and resins, etc., and neutralize the organic acids therein, so that the cellulose is separated out.
In the metallurgical industry, the active ingredients in the ore are often converted into soluble sodium salts in order to remove insoluble impurities.
It is often necessary to add soda ash, which is also a flux, and sometimes caustic soda. For example, soda ash and caustic soda are used in the smelting of aluminum, the production of cryolite used, and the treatment of bauxite. Another example is when smelting tungsten.
It is also first to roast the concentrate and soda ash into soluble sodium tungstate and then obtain powdered tungsten by acid precipitation, dehydration, reduction and the like.
In the chemical industry, caustic soda must be used in the production of electrolysis water. Many inorganic salts are produced.
In particular, some sodium salts (such as borax, sodium silicate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, etc.) are used for caustic soda or soda ash. Synthetic dyes, drugs, organic intermediates, etc. also use caustic soda or soda ash.
In addition.
Soda is also used in the food industry and in everyday life.
Although it is a "universal solvent," it also has its limitations. High boiling point, 154 °C, as a solvent for many polymer materials is more appropriate.
In the organic synthesis should be carefully selected, often encounter solvent decontamination. Again, ah, it can be miscible with water. It is very difficult to dehydrate the solvent by simply recovering the solvent. When it costs, it is washed off with water.
In small trials, the feasibility of large-scale production must be considered. You need to calculate the cost and wastewater treatment plan.
An organosilicon compound refers to a compound containing an Si-O bond and in which at least one organic group is directly linked to a silicon atom.
It is also customary to use compounds that connect organic groups with silicon atoms through oxygen, *, nitrogen, etc. as organosilicon compounds. Among them, a polysiloxane composed of a silicon-oxygen bond (-Si-O-Si-) as a skeleton.
It is the largest of the organic silicon compounds, the deepest research and the most widely used one.
About 90% of the total usage.
Silicone materials vary in their form.
Can be divided into: silane coupling agent (silicone chemical reagent), silicone oil (silicone grease, silicon emulsion, silicon surfactant), high temperature * silicon rubber, liquid silicone rubber, silicone resin, composites and so on.
Due to the unique structure of organic silicon, it combines the properties of inorganic materials and organic materials, and has basic properties such as low surface tension, low viscosity and temperature coefficient, high compressibility, high gas permeability, and high and low temperature resistance, electrical insulation, and oxidation stability. It is widely used in aerospace, electronic and electrical, construction, transportation, chemical, textile, food, light industry, medical and other industries due to its excellent properties such as resistance, weather resistance, flame retardancy, hydrophobicity, corrosion resistance, non-toxicity, tastelessness, and physiological inertness.
Silicone is mainly used in sealing, bonding, lubrication, coating, surface activity, demoulding, defoaming, foam suppression, waterproof, moisture-proof, inert filling and so on. With the continuous increase in the number and variety of organic silicon, the application field is continuously expanding, forming an important product system that is unique in the new chemical material industry.
Many varieties are irreplaceable and indispensable for other chemicals.
Potash fertilizer: A unit fertilizer with the indicated amount of potassium (K or K2O) is potash fertilizer. Can improve soil potassium supply and plant potassium nutrition. According to the chemical composition of potash fertilizer can be divided into chlorine and potassium fertilizers and chlorine-free potash fertilizer. All potash fertilizers are water-soluble but also contain some other insoluble ingredients. The main potash fertilizers are potassium chloride, **potassium, potassium salt, potassium and magnesium salt, carnallite, ***, and kiln ash potash. The application of potash fertilizer depends not only on the potassium supply capacity of the soil, but also on the type of crop, agricultural production level, and climate and soil conditions. Potassium content in soil, morphology and its transformation and potassium supply capacity are important basis for rational distribution and application of potassium fertilizer. The total potassium content of the soil varies greatly, generally from 0.1% to 3%, with an average of about 1%. Potassium in soil includes three forms: 1 Mineral potassium. Mainly in the soil coarse fraction.
About 90% of total potassium, plants are extremely difficult to absorb. 2 slow-acting potassium. About 2% to 8% of total potassium is the source of potassium for soil release. 3 available potassium. Refers to the replacement of potassium ions in soil colloids and potassium ions in soil solution. Plants mainly absorb potassium ions in soil solution. The potassium level of the seasonal plant mainly depends on the content of soil available potassium. Generally, the content of available potassium is only 0.1% to 2% of total potassium. Besides the effects of cultivation and fertilization, it is also controlled by the slow release of potassium storage and conversion rate of the soil.
TDI (** diisohydride) is one of the commonly used polyisohydric esters, while polyisohydrates are polyurethane (PU) materials and important basic raw materials. It is a transparent liquid with a pungent odor that is colorless or light yellow.
It turns yellow under ultraviolet irradiation; it is easily heated in alloy steel container; it reacts with hydroxyl, water, amine and active hydrogen compound in hydroxyl compound to produce ester, urea, semicarbazide and biuret etc. . Mainly used for the production of flexible polyurethane foams and polyurethane elastomers, coatings, adhesives and so on.
*** referred to as ammonium nitrate.
It is currently a major nitrogen fertilizer species in the world. About 3.5% of China's current total nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen form is ** root, is a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer. In fact, *** both nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, but its nature is closer to nitrate nitrogen fertilizer.
*** The molecular formula is NH4NO3, containing 34% to 35% nitrogen, with nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen each accounting for half. Nitramine is industrially produced by synthesizing a part of ammonium synthesis at high temperature, pressure and platinum catalysis to synthesize HNO3, and then absorb ammonia to produce ammonium nitrate. The reaction formula is as follows:
NH3 O2→HNO3 H2O
HNO3 NH3→NH4NO3
Ammonium nitrate does not leave residues in the soil and can be absorbed by crops. It is a physiologically neutral fertilizer. Ammonium nitrate is suitable for a wide range of soils and crops, but it is most suitable for dry and dry crops and is particularly suitable for cash crops such as tobacco, cotton, and vegetables. For rice, it is generally used as middle and late fertilizer, and the effect is also good.
As a basal fertilizer, its fertilizer efficiency is lower than other nitrogen fertilizers.
Glass fiber is an engineering material. With the characteristics of non-flammability, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, low temperature absorption, and small deformation coefficient, this new material product has covered electrical appliances, electronics, transportation, chemical engineering, construction engineering, heat insulation, sound absorption, fire protection and environment Protection and other fields.
Urea Formula: CO(NH2)2, Alias: Carboxamide, Carboxamide, Urea. Because it is contained in human urine, it is named urea. Urea contains nitrogen (N) 46%.
It is the highest content of nitrogen in solid nitrogen fertilizer. It is the first organic compound synthesized, and it is widely found in nature, such as 0.4% urea in fresh human feces. Urea production accounts for about 40% of China's current total nitrogen fertilizer output, and is one of the major nitrogen fertilizers after ammonium bicarbonate. Urea began as a nitrogen fertilizer in the early 20th century. After the 1950s, the nitrogen content of urea was high (45% to 46%).
With a wide range of uses and continuous improvement of industrial processes, countries around the world have developed rapidly. China began to establish a medium-sized urea plant from the 1960s. From 1986 to 1992, China's urea production was over 9 million tons. At present, it accounts for 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer production.
Industrial use of ** and carbon dioxide as raw materials.
Direct synthesis of urea under high temperature and pressure conditions.
The chemical reaction is as follows:
2NH3 CO2→NH2COONH4→CO(NH2)2 N2O
Urea is readily soluble in water and dissolves in 105 ml of water in 100 ml at 20°C. The aqueous solution is a neutral reaction.
Trimethylamine: Molecular Formula C3H9N; (CH3)3N. Appearance and properties are colorless with gas smelly fish oil.
Soluble in water, ethanol, ** and so on. The main purpose is to analyze reagents and used in organic synthesis, also used as disinfectants.
Compound fertilizer has the advantages of high nutrient content, less accessory components and good physical properties.
For balanced fertilization.
Increase fertilizer utilization.
Promoting the high and stable production of crops has a very important role. But it also has some drawbacks.
For example, its nutrient ratio is always fixed, and the types, quantities, and proportions of nutrients needed for different soils and crops are diverse. therefore.
Before the use of the best soil testing, understand the texture and nutritional status of field soil, and also pay attention to the application of fertilizer and unit, in order to get better results. With the increase of grain yield, the phenomenon of soil nutrient deficiency has already been demonstrated. Now farmers have begun to use more multiple compound fertilizers.
Features: long compound fertilizer effect.
Should do base fertilizer. Slow decomposition.
For crops that use compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer at the time of sowing, the available nitrogen fertilizers should be promptly added to topdressing fertilizers in accordance with the law of fertilizer demand of different crops to meet the nutritional needs of crops.
Compound fertilizers contain two or more elements.
Ammonia volatilization or rain loss.
Phosphorus and potassium are easily fixed by the soil, especially phosphorus is less mobile in the soil, and it is not easy to be absorbed and utilized by crop roots on the surface, and it is also not conducive to deep rooting. Fertilizer cannot be dissolved in the event of drought.
Fertilizer efficiency is even worse. Therefore, the application of compound fertilizers should be avoided as much as possible on the surface and should be covered with soil.
NaOH, commonly known as caustic soda, caustic soda or caustic soda, sodium hydroxide. It is a strong base, highly corrosive, and is generally used to make soaps, treat papermaking pulp, and absorb some of the exhaust.
And for use as an experimental reagent.
The soda ash is Na2CO3, soluble in water and strongly alkaline, and can provide Na ions. These properties make them widely used in soaps, textiles, printing and dyeing, bleaching, papermaking, refined petroleum, metallurgy and other chemical industries. In the paper industry.
First of all, chemical methods are used to cook cellulose-containing raw materials (such as wood) and chemicals into pulp. The so-called alkaline pulping is the use of caustic soda or soda solution as a cooking liquid to remove the raw materials of lignin, carbohydrates and resins, etc., and neutralize the organic acids therein, so that the cellulose is separated out.
In the metallurgical industry, the active ingredients in the ore are often converted into soluble sodium salts in order to remove insoluble impurities.
It is often necessary to add soda ash, which is also a flux, and sometimes caustic soda. For example, soda ash and caustic soda are used in the smelting of aluminum, the production of cryolite used, and the treatment of bauxite. Another example is when smelting tungsten.
It is also first to roast the concentrate and soda ash into soluble sodium tungstate and then obtain powdered tungsten by acid precipitation, dehydration, reduction and the like.
In the chemical industry, caustic soda must be used in the production of electrolysis water. Many inorganic salts are produced.
In particular, some sodium salts (such as borax, sodium silicate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, etc.) are used for caustic soda or soda ash. Synthetic dyes, drugs, organic intermediates, etc. also use caustic soda or soda ash.
In addition.
Soda is also used in the food industry and in everyday life.
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