According to foreign media reports, with the release of the "Fantastic Four" films in various parts of the world, the astounding superpowers of the four male and female protagonists in the film have once again become a hot topic for science fiction enthusiasts. The Lockheed-Martin scientists showed great interest and focused on how to replicate these superpowers in real life through technological innovation. Obviously, in real life, people will not suffer from cosmic ray radiation like the movie story and mutate, nor will they pass through distortion in the harsh space. Lockheed Martin believes that ordinary people must have super power and can only rely on high-tech materials. The scientist painted a picture of Mr. Miraculous: The self-healing elastic polymer can be arbitrarily extended, twisted, and changed in shape like Mr. Magic; the reflective material can be invisible like an invisible woman; the hardness is steel. 100 times of carbon nanotubes can make people look like giants of stone; high-temperature materials can protect people from unscathed under the flame of a bonfire.
Carbon nanotubes are 100 times harder than steel and 10,000 times thinner than human hair. Scientists said that by weaving carbon nanotubes into clothing, it will be able to make stone clothes with high hardness.
Mr. Magic: Telescoping Technology
In material design, scalability refers to self-repairing or reconfigurable capabilities. In the absence of human intervention, the self-healing material can be self-repaired at the site of injury by recombining chemical bonds or using viruses. In fact, this type of material is currently used in areas such as self-healing concrete and will be used in the future for anti-corrosion coatings on naval vessels. Reconfigurable materials can change their properties in different environments. From the microscopic scale, individual molecular bonds can have reversible deformability by absorbing or emitting energy. Polymeric materials can achieve macroscopic morphological changes, for example, placed under light or charge, and polymers can be automatically crimped or stretched.
"In the real world, we can imagine the development and application of reconfigurable elements in aircraft or car design. Now, the shape of the aircraft's wings is fixed, but it has been fixed," said Lockheed Martin Materials Specialist Anna Paulson. In different flight phases such as taxiing, take-off, landing, etc., the ideal wing shape should be different.If reconfigurable materials are used in the design, the aircraft can optimize the wing shape during flight and improve the utilization of aviation fuel. "Although the idea of ​​using high-tech materials to transform parachutes or trampolines sounds absurd, NASA has been inspired by research in this area to explore the development of flexible aircraft wings.
Invisible Woman: Invisible Technology
To make objects disappear invisible, scientists are required to devote themselves to the study of patterns and light. Invisible materials have a special pattern and have conductive and insulating elements that can manage electromagnetic radiation around the object. In the field of invisible materials, scientists face three major challenges: changing the size of these patterns, controlling three-dimensional light, and designing patterns suitable for multiple wavelengths. Paulson said: “From the physics point of view, overcoming these difficulties is feasible. At present, we have simulated the patterns with these necessary attributes. Today, researchers are developing new technologies to create three-dimensional nanoscale patterns that can be used. To control three-dimensional light."
Obviously, it is tempting to be an invisible superhero. In the future, in our daily life, stealth technology will play an important role in the aesthetic field. For example, the use of building materials with invisible features applied to the power line, or the guardrail at the top of the New York Empire State Building. . In addition, invisible materials are used in optical processors in high-speed computers and antenna materials in high-energy antennas.
Stone Man: Ultra-high hardness
To have super-hardness, we need to focus on the molecular science principle. Nanotechnology is a nanoscale material control technology with a molecular level between 1 and 100 nanometers, or one millionth of a millimeter. With nanotechnology, one can change individual atoms and molecules to change the physical, chemical, biological, and optical properties of matter. Carbon is one of the best raw materials for nanotechnology applications. For example, graphene is a two-dimensional carbon material composed of carbon atoms. The graphene lattice is hexagonal surrounded by six carbon atoms and has an atomic layer thickness. The tight binding between carbon atoms makes graphene possess excellent mechanical properties and structural rigidity. The material made of graphene has an incredible hardness, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, and high pressure resistance. At present, scientists are working on graphene materials in order to be applied to electronic displays and medical equipment. At the same time, the possibility of drilling holes in graphene sheets will allow scientists to solve new problems such as pure drinking water and power management.
Nanotechnology has also brought about the development and application of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes as a one-dimensional nanomaterial, light weight, small size, perfect connection of hexagonal structure, has many abnormal mechanical, electrical and chemical properties - hardness is 100 times that of steel, and 10,000 times thinner than human hair. Michel Meinhold, a researcher with Lockheed Martin, said: "It is the perfect connection between these carbon atoms that makes carbon nanotubes extremely hard." At present, the application of carbon nanotubes can be seen in " Construction of the Juneau spacecraft. In the near future, once carbon nanotubes have energy-saving properties, they will be widely used in long-life lithium batteries, chemical sensors for 1TB flash memory, smartphones, electronic wiring for weaving clothes, and consumer products such as high-hardness and light-weight composite materials. in. However, there are many limitations in the mass production of material structures implanted into carbon nanotubes. The biggest limitation is the large-scale increase in the length of carbon nanotubes.
At present, the research and development of carbon nanotubes is still in the laboratory stage. The so-called “miniature carbon nanotube forest†is only a few centimeters longer. Paulson said: "Once developed into several meters of carbon nanotubes, we can apply it to the design of ultra-light cars. Because carbon nanotubes only have high hardness in a single direction, it needs more in automotive design. These are combined in a single direction to make the car highly resistant to earthquakes.†At present, scientists are studying the twisting of a large number of carbon nanotubes to produce an ultra-hard, lightweight fabric. With a stone man's suit, everyone is a superhero.
Bonfire: Heat Resistance Technology
High-tech materials using thermodynamic principles can withstand ultra-high temperatures due to their molecular bonding properties. In general, the harder and harder materials have higher melting points. As a protective barrier, this material must also have weak thermal conductivity. For example, if a car (or a superman) is to move at supersonic speeds, it needs to use this super-resistant material to withstand the high temperature of 3000 degrees Fahrenheit (about 1648 degrees Celsius).
With this heat-resistant material, we can improve the design of spacecraft so that it can enter more distant space, or explore more hot stars - such as the sun's surface. Locksmith Martin's thermodynamicist Michael Stoke said: "Of course, exploring the unknown high-temperature space world is still a huge challenge at present, because these places still have high voltage and radiation. However, we can design advanced research and development. The power system allows the spacecraft to bring it into the star while avoiding dangerous areas in space."
The Bonfire possesses the ability to control the fire and can cover the body with fire and launch attacks. For us ordinary people, heat-resistant materials may only play a role in the field of safety and fire protection. In addition, high-temperature resistant materials will also be used in ultra-high-efficiency engines to achieve a halving of fuel consumption. (binbin)
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