Electromagnetic relays are commonly made up of several key components, including an iron core, a coil, an armature, and contact springs. When a specific voltage is applied across the coil, current flows through it, generating an electromagnetic field. This magnetic force pulls the armature towards the iron core, overcoming the resistance from the return spring. As a result, the moving contact makes contact with the stationary contact, which is typically in an open state when the relay is not activated — this is known as a "normally open" contact.
Once the coil is powered down, the magnetic field disappears, and the armature is pushed back to its original position by the spring's restoring force. This action causes the moving contact to separate from the normally open contact and connect with another stationary contact — referred to as a "normally closed" contact. In this way, the relay can switch between two states, allowing it to control electrical circuits effectively.
Relays are widely used in electrical systems because they enable low-voltage control signals to manage high-voltage or high-current circuits safely. This separation ensures that the control circuit remains isolated from the working circuit, reducing the risk of damage or electrical shock. Additionally, relays can be used in automation, signaling, and protection systems, making them essential in many industrial and electronic applications. Whether you're working on a simple circuit or a complex system, understanding how relays function is crucial for reliable and efficient operation.
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