Cold heading is widely used in various industrial sectors such as aerospace vehicles. It is mainly used in the processing of fasteners such as bolts, studs, screws and nuts. It has the characteristics of stable operation, high precision, high production rate and easy automation. . The multi-station automatic cold heading machine adopts the cold rolling method to complete the disc element or the bar material through the roller drive feeding, sequentially feeding, cutting, pressing the ball, pressing the angle, punching, and several processes. The cold heading stations are arranged horizontally and have the characteristics of accurate positioning, stable operation and convenient maintenance. Below we briefly introduce the precautions for the processing of fasteners in the cold heading process.
First, the performance requirements of various components of the multi-station cold heading machine
(1) The connection between the crankshaft and the body and the impact connecting rod is connected by high wear-resistant alloy copper and tile, which has large bearing capacity, long service life and low maintenance cost.
(2) The body is cast from ductile iron with added alloy, which has high tensile strength and good wear resistance.
(3) Adopting the two-stage gear transmission system, the transmission efficiency is high and the transmission torque is large.
(4) Equipped with pneumatic clutch brakes to reduce motor power consumption.
(5) The cutting system uses the guide plate to drive the cutter bar, the guide plate reciprocates, the cutting force is transmitted linearly, the force is large and the dynamic balance is good.
(6) The pliers system can be flipped or translated. Conducive to the molding process arrangement.
(7) Equipped with variable frequency speed control device, it can be steplessly regulated within a certain range.
(8) Equipped with fault detector and safety protection device, it will automatically stop when the equipment fails, giving maximum protection to equipment and tools.
(9) The feeding box is equipped with a thrust device to improve the feeding accuracy.
(10) Lubrication system The oil circuit design is simple and efficient, and can effectively protect the punch rod and the workpiece on the basis of ensuring the circulation filtration.
Second, the selection of workpiece raw materials
(1) The raw material must be subjected to spheroidizing annealing treatment, and the metallographic structure of the material is spherical pearlite.
(2) In order to reduce the tendency of the material to crack as much as possible, and to improve the service life of the mold, it is also required that the cold drawing material has the lowest possible hardness to improve the plasticity.
(3) The accuracy of the raw material should generally be determined according to the specific requirements of the product and the process conditions. The multi-station cold heading machine generally has lower requirements for the reduction of the diameter and the shrinkage.
(4) The surface quality of the raw materials requires that the lubricating film be dull and dark, and the surface must be free from scratches, folds, cracks, napped, rust, scale and pits.
(5) It is required that the total thickness of the decarburized layer in the radial direction of the raw material does not exceed 1% of the diameter of the raw material.
(6) In order to ensure the cutting quality at the time of cold forming, the raw material is required to have a hard surface and a soft core.
(7) The raw material should be subjected to a cold heading test, and the deformation resistance is increased due to cold work hardening. The lower the sensitivity of the material to cold hardening, the better.
Third, the selection of cold heading molding oil
(1) It has excellent extreme pressure lubrication performance, high temperature resistance, extreme pressure and abrasion resistance, rust resistance and high temperature oxidation stability. Improve the precision and smoothness of the workpiece, prevent the mold from sintering, meet the multi-station molding process of standard parts and non-standard parts, and fully handle the processing of cold-rolled stainless steel workpieces.
(2) The soot and "wandering fog" can be reduced to a minimum to meet the strict requirements of multi-die punching nuts with strong shrinkage.
(3) It has good processing properties for products with large deformation, such as hollow, high-strength bolts, sleeves, stainless steel hollows, semi-tubular rivets, etc.
(4) It can effectively protect the punching rod (punching needle) and mold, prolong the service life and reduce the overall cost.
(5) The heat dissipation effect is good, and the local temperature of the workpiece and the mold is not excessively high during the cold forming process.
(6) High temperature resistance and easy to produce sludge. Low odor, low smoke, protect the operating environment.
(7) It has a certain anti-rust property and can meet the anti-rust requirements during the process.
(8) It can meet the demanding cold heading stainless steel forming process and large-volume carbon steel forming process.
Fourth, the operation of the multi-station cold heading machine
1. Do it before work:
(1) Check that the blade, cutting bar, punch, die, etc. should be intact without cracking, and the installation is securely fastened.
(2) After adjusting the cutting mechanism, the gap between the die and the die clamp must be checked. It is strictly forbidden to start the device without inspection.
(3) When the cutting tool bar has been folded, the roller in the cam groove must be taken out to jog the device.
(4) Carefully check whether the equipment safety protection device is in good condition, and prevent the vibration from being loose and loose.
(5) Check whether the oil circuit of the cooling and cooling system of the cold heading machine is unobstructed. If there is any foreign matter, it should be cleaned immediately. If the cold forming oil is insufficient, it should be added in time.
2. Do it at work:
(1) When the equipment is started, the main motor can be driven to rotate the flywheel only when the feeding device is disconnected. The feed device is only allowed to be turned on after waiting for the full speed of the flywheel. When stopping the device, disconnect the feeder and then stop the main motor.
(2) It is forbidden to stop the slider at the position of "dead point". If the slider stops at the "dead point", only the method of manually rotating the flywheel is used to correct it, and the device is not allowed to be activated.
(3) The processed bar or material must be cleaned, the burrs of the material should be ground off, and no flat material is allowed.
(4) Always pay attention to the working condition of the rack, and find that the chaos should stop immediately. When the stock is processed to the end, the tail should be removed from the shelf.
3. Do it after work:
(1) Turn off each system of the multi-station cold heading machine in turn, and then cut off the power.
(2) Wipe the cold heading machine and apply anti-rust oil to the work surface.
(3) Make a record after each operation or maintenance.
(4) If a fault occurs, it is necessary to stop the multi-station cold stop immediately and find out the cause to eliminate hidden dangers.
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