China's stone resources reserves are the world's first, the consumption of stone raw materials is also the world's first. In more developed countries abroad, in order to improve the rate of finished products, most of them use advanced mechanized step-type mining. Although there is a certain improvement in the rate of finished products, due to the high cost of mining, only a few large enterprises in China have been applied. Most SMEs still do not get promoted. The mining mode of stone mine mainly includes artificial mining method, borehole blasting method, static expansion agent rupture method, mechanical mining method and comprehensive mining method. This paper mainly analyzes the types and operations of artificial mining method. The artificial mining method can be divided into artificial smashing method and flame cutting method.
1, artificial smashing method. According to the rock joint trend, the eye is drilled with artificial and steel, and then the steel shovel is placed in the chisel, and a plurality of steel shovel acts on the line, and the rock is gradually separated from the rock body. This method can only produce small blocks with good joint surface, but can not carry out large-scale production, mining efficiency is low, and the structural surface is irregular. This is the most primitive method of mining. It is currently used only in small-scale individual miners. This method is also commonly used in large-scale mines to assist large-scale blocks.
2. Flame cutting method. The flame cutting method uses diesel fuel as fuel and compressed air to assist combustion. Under the action of high pressure, the nozzle atomizes the diesel to form a high temperature flame. The air in the inner high pressure nozzle sprays the flame on the rock at high speed, and uses high temperature and high speed flame flow to impact. The molten rock forms a crack.
This method was popular in the 1970s and is ideal for siliceous stone mining. However, the flame cutting method can only cut the crack in the vertical direction, and can not be used for the horizontal cutting crack. Therefore, if the method is used alone, it is necessary to use the natural horizontal joint, otherwise the stone cannot be independently mined. The flame machine method has high noise, dust, low output, irregular materials and internal injuries. At the same time, with the increase of diesel prices, the cutting cost is very high. At present, the medium and large mines have been basically eliminated, but the small workshops are still in the small mines. See use.
In general, small stone mines usually use artificial peeling surface covering → mechanical or manual rock drilling → explosive blasting to separate rocks → select block stones with good blockage → manual processing of blank materials → mining methods in situ, such mines There are hidden cracks in the collected blocks, which results in a lower plate rate, and the blocks are unsalable and low in price.
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