Ancient Furniture Grand View - Appreciation of Yuan Dynasty Furniture
Chinese culture is profound. The history of ancient Chinese furniture is more like a beautiful poem composed of wood. Its long history and self-contained system, especially the world-renowned Ming and Qing Dynasty furniture, has become the representative of Chinese classical furniture. Before the furniture of Tang and Song Dynasty, we came to see the furniture of the Yuan Dynasty.
The Yuan Dynasty was the first unified dynasty of the Chinese ethnic minorities. In the history of the Yuan Dynasty, the Chinese national socio-economic impact on traditional culture was different from that of other dynasties to enhance their cultural conquest and to actively absorb Chinese culture. Meanwhile, Yuan Dynasty’s Chinese and Western cultures were proposed. Mongolia first.
In the field of furniture, the research field of ancient Chinese furniture refers to the style of the Song Dynasty and the Song and Yuan style in the Yuan Dynasty. Most of the furniture of the Yuan Dynasty followed the tradition of the Song Dynasty, but there were also new developments and a more rational structure, which laid the foundation for the further development of furniture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
History - seats
The form of Yuan Dynasty furniture is simple and simple. All kinds of concrete structure are rich, and the structure of the box door is beam column. Other Tingxiu, simple decoration. The furniture style of the Yuan Dynasty was bold, the characteristics of Wang Hung's tomb, the northern hills and plump furniture, and the taste of Buddhism, the graceful curves caused by the momentum of expansion.
The furniture of the Yuan Dynasty liked the shape of the curve, the accessories in the leg and the dental plate, the twisted trend of the furniture, such as the chair of the Yuan Zhuyu Palace mural towards the gold figure of the Yuantu, and the base of the small table.
The Yuan Dynasty Zhu Xi palace mural Chaoyuan map
In the decoration, the animal's curved legs and feet are used, commonly known as tiger feet, the proper arrangement of the dental plates, the animal's tail, also called moiré, used for the decoration of the upper leg, and the three-dimensional shape of the straight leg and the curved leg begins.
Three-legged fir
Inlaid with Pearl's mother's black paint station
In the Yuan Dynasty, a new form of furniture emerged, mainly in the reduction of the desktop and the appearance of a drawer table.
Relevant Readings of Ancient Furniture——Appreciation of Tang Dynasty Furniture
Yuan Dynasty drawer table
Yuan Dynasty Furniture
In the furniture structure, a tyrant often becomes a new and effective building.
One is the desktop surface drop, King Cheng, which is a pull shape improvement of a saddle-shaped curve on a straight or mixed surface.
Second, the waist under the table began to be stereotyped, and the structure of the waist connecting the straight and 45 degrees began to improve.
Related reading of ancient furniture——Appreciation of Song Dynasty furniture
The tomb of the blue and white porcelain unearthed in glaze red porcelain
The silver frame unearthed by Zhang Shicheng's parents' tomb in Wuyuanwang: summarizing the characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty
(1) The tradition of furniture inherited from the Song Dynasty.
(2) The emergence of new forms, furniture of new structures and new technologies. It mainly appears in the drawers of the table; structural forms such as the new king Cheng Cheng are effective; tiger legs, sub-panel clouds, waist, 45-degree angle configuration of the army.
(3) style. Unpretentious furniture style, macroscopically solemn, full of ups and downs, beautiful curved circle, causing expansion.
A brief history of the development of ancient Chinese furniture.
The origin of the world is the earliest country in the history of furniture. Its development has undergone a multi-level transformation in a socialized process. Today, with furniture fans, we look at the history of the development of ancient Chinese furniture. One, Summer, Shang, Zhou: Early embryonic furniture for China
From the history of Chinese literature, as early as the Shang Dynasty had invented: Xizu, the beginning of the sofa; Jian began; Shes banned the beginning of the cabinet; the beginning of the screen. Shang dynasty lacquerware technology has also been applied to furniture decoration, but also ivory, turquoise and so on. Second, the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States period: the birth of relatively low furniture
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the slave society collapsed and the entire society shifted to the feudal society. During the Warring States period, the level of productivity was greatly improved, and the living environment of the people was correspondingly improved. Compared with the previous generation, the level of furniture manufacturing has been greatly improved, especially in the wood processing, the appearance of Luban, a skilled craftsman, not only promotes the development of furniture, but also played their talent, wood structure, Due to the advancement of metallurgical technology, the improvement of ironmaking technology has brought about tremendous changes in wood processing. Mr. Lu Ban invented a large number of processing equipment and tools such as saws, axes, drills, chisels, shovels, and planes, which brought convenience to the manufacture of furniture. The improvement of the process also promoted the improvement of furniture.
The people’s level of technological manufacturing has greatly improved and changed. This period opened the precedent of the later furniture carving. To sum up, there are four major contributions: First, the most famous carpenter Luban; Second, the emergence of the bed of the most important friend of mankind; Third, iron axes, the emergence of sawing, drilling tools; Four sculptures have been widely used in furniture decoration; There are reliefs and openwork. III. Qin and Qin Han Period: Sitting on the Basis of Pedal
During the Qin and Qin and Han dynasties, several boxes of clothes hangers and beds were very short, usually sitting on the floor, gradually deepening in the western regions, and the frequent incoming beds. Hu Chuang is a form of Mazza sitting. Later developed into a folding stool, chair, sitting behind a foot, to lay the foundation for the rescue of bandy legs. Fourth, Wei, Yi, South and North Dynasties: the appearance of tall furniture
From the Western Jin Dynasty, the concept of etiquette gradually weakened. To the north and south, gradually formed a high pedal seat. There are high-end furniture such as wharfs, chairs, and stools, a basket (box), Taketo furniture, etc. It is decorated with wooden furniture made of green paint. The paint will break the pattern of Buddhism, Hidaka, Lotus, and Honeysuckle, and the appearance of the fly line. V. Sui and Tang Dynasties and Five Dynasties: During the upscale furniture festival, the development of high and shaped furniture coexists.
The real prosperity period was in the Tang Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty, there was a spirit of vigorous and enterprising. After long-term wars and displacements, after the unification of rivers and mountains where people's life was raging, Zhenguan brought an unprecedented prosperity and social stability culture. In this social context, the characteristics of Tang Dynasty furniture indicate its thickness, fullness, width and stability. Its weight and momentum are quite large, but there is no change in technology and variety. Nobility's furniture is richer, especially decorative.
During this period, the appearance of complicated carving furniture, and lacquer paintings, were painted with floral motifs. From the Dunhuang frescoes of the Tang Dynasty, besides the drums, lotus seats, and rattan piers, you can also see the simple and elegant foot pedals, the song-foot case, the Alice head case, and more elegant and clean literary pursuits. So the vertical screen and multi-screen decoration of this period. Do not change the bed type, according to the previous form, with box-bed, bed, bed frame screen platform, independent main sofa. In the late Tang and the Five Dynasties, the pursuit of luxurious literati and aristocratic families in fashion life, many of the major social events were recorded and hosted by the master painter, which provided us with a very reliable image data for our research and study of the people's living environment.
The five-generation painter Gu Hongzhong's Han Xizai night banquet picture is a good example for us, and the pictures clearly show the use of five generations of furniture, which is composed of a straight back chair, support and screens, beds, sofas, docks and so on. The complete and concise form of furniture in the Tang Dynasty also foreshadowed the early forms of Ming-style furniture, laying the foundation for the perfect stage of Chinese historical furniture.
Related reading: Six, the Song and Yuan Dynasties: The shape and height of furniture are more complicated.
The furniture of the Song Dynasty from the framework structure replaced the box-type door structure during the Sui and Tang Dynasties and began to be decorated with waist, legs, feet, horseshoe, and grasshopper Yun Xinglian health care; while the use of the process is effective, then the overlord's short leg and other parts In order to make the local decoration, its simple concept of Gangzhi, it is meaningful to combine the connection between most components, pay attention to the size and structure of the human body, make the structure more reasonable, the relationship between the furniture, and do not make a large area of ​​sculpture decoration. The aesthetic and elegance, with simplicity and clarity.
Relatively speaking, in a shorter period of time, the Yuan Dynasty, made by the Han Dynasty, so the ruler of the policy, not only in the political and economic system inherited Song, Liao and Jin, furniture is also insisted on the VOD system, technology and design are not Big change. Although the supreme ruler in the Yuan Dynasty was Mongolian, traditional culture was not interrupted, furniture was still developing slowly, and Song and Liao Dynasty. This is an obvious link between Song and Ming. In the Yuan Dynasty, craftsmen made two innovative attempts. No table image table, mural tomb, he really high waist, do not leave the desktop. The second is the drawer table, the drawer of the idea of ​​the desktop drawer, after the Ming Dynasty, followed by the Qing Dynasty. VII. The Ming Dynasty: The Prosperous Period of Chinese Furniture
In the Ming Dynasty, Chinese furniture entered a complete period and formed a unique style, known as Ming-style furniture.
Ancient literati's understanding of life is very primitive, and the styling and processing of products are more severe. It promoted the evolution of Chinese furniture from form to charm and brought Chinese furniture art to the top. In addition to high-quality wood, it is mainly the precision and science of concrete structures. VIII. Qing Dynasty: The decline of Chinese furniture was unprecedented in the history of decoration.
In the early Qing Dynasty, the furniture inherited the style of the Ming Dynasty and was rich in materials. In addition to the use of hardwood, high-quality cork was also selected. During the Qianlong period, furniture production reached its peak, and the types of decoration technology were unprecedented.
In summary, it can be summarized as three points: First, various materials and use. Whether carving, inlaying, painting, painting, or bone, wood, bamboo, jade, porcelain, francs, all furniture decoration services; the second is a combination of various processes combined relief. Engraved, carved and inlaid, carved inlaid gold-plated, carved blocks combined with three concert decorations. The pursuit of prosperity and wealth, but some of the extravagant pursuit of luxury, it seems cumbersome.
{Abstract}: The characteristics of Chinese ancient furniture are that it not only enhances the value of its service to human beings in different historical periods, but also embodies different artistic styles formed under specific circumstances. The presence of furniture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties embodies exquisite craft values, high appreciation of art, and heavy historical and cultural values. This makes furniture one of the cultural pride of the Chinese nation and cherished.
Chinese culture is profound. The history of ancient Chinese furniture is more like a beautiful poem composed of wood. Its long history and self-contained system, especially the world-renowned Ming and Qing Dynasty furniture, has become the representative of Chinese classical furniture. Before the furniture of Tang and Song Dynasty, we came to see the furniture of the Yuan Dynasty.
The Yuan Dynasty was the first unified dynasty of the Chinese ethnic minorities. In the history of the Yuan Dynasty, the Chinese national socio-economic impact on traditional culture was different from that of other dynasties to enhance their cultural conquest and to actively absorb Chinese culture. Meanwhile, Yuan Dynasty’s Chinese and Western cultures were proposed. Mongolia first.
In the field of furniture, the research field of ancient Chinese furniture refers to the style of the Song Dynasty and the Song and Yuan style in the Yuan Dynasty. Most of the furniture of the Yuan Dynasty followed the tradition of the Song Dynasty, but there were also new developments and a more rational structure, which laid the foundation for the further development of furniture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
History - seats
The form of Yuan Dynasty furniture is simple and simple. All kinds of concrete structure are rich, and the structure of the box door is beam column. Other Tingxiu, simple decoration. The furniture style of the Yuan Dynasty was bold, the characteristics of Wang Hung's tomb, the northern hills and plump furniture, and the taste of Buddhism, the graceful curves caused by the momentum of expansion.
The furniture of the Yuan Dynasty liked the shape of the curve, the accessories in the leg and the dental plate, the twisted trend of the furniture, such as the chair of the Yuan Zhuyu Palace mural towards the gold figure of the Yuantu, and the base of the small table.
The Yuan Dynasty Zhu Xi palace mural Chaoyuan map
In the decoration, the animal's curved legs and feet are used, commonly known as tiger feet, the proper arrangement of the dental plates, the animal's tail, also called moiré, used for the decoration of the upper leg, and the three-dimensional shape of the straight leg and the curved leg begins.
Three-legged fir
Inlaid with Pearl's mother's black paint station
In the Yuan Dynasty, a new form of furniture emerged, mainly in the reduction of the desktop and the appearance of a drawer table.
Relevant Readings of Ancient Furniture——Appreciation of Tang Dynasty Furniture
Yuan Dynasty drawer table
Yuan Dynasty Furniture
In the furniture structure, a tyrant often becomes a new and effective building.
One is the desktop surface drop, King Cheng, which is a pull shape improvement of a saddle-shaped curve on a straight or mixed surface.
Second, the waist under the table began to be stereotyped, and the structure of the waist connecting the straight and 45 degrees began to improve.
Related reading of ancient furniture——Appreciation of Song Dynasty furniture
The tomb of the blue and white porcelain unearthed in glaze red porcelain
The silver frame unearthed by Zhang Shicheng's parents' tomb in Wuyuanwang: summarizing the characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty
(1) The tradition of furniture inherited from the Song Dynasty.
(2) The emergence of new forms, furniture of new structures and new technologies. It mainly appears in the drawers of the table; structural forms such as the new king Cheng Cheng are effective; tiger legs, sub-panel clouds, waist, 45-degree angle configuration of the army.
(3) style. Unpretentious furniture style, macroscopically solemn, full of ups and downs, beautiful curved circle, causing expansion.
The origin of the world is the earliest country in the history of furniture. Its development has undergone a multi-level transformation in a socialized process. Today, with furniture fans, we look at the history of the development of ancient Chinese furniture. One, Summer, Shang, Zhou: Early embryonic furniture for China
From the history of Chinese literature, as early as the Shang Dynasty had invented: Xizu, the beginning of the sofa; Jian began; Shes banned the beginning of the cabinet; the beginning of the screen. Shang dynasty lacquerware technology has also been applied to furniture decoration, but also ivory, turquoise and so on. Second, the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States period: the birth of relatively low furniture
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the slave society collapsed and the entire society shifted to the feudal society. During the Warring States period, the level of productivity was greatly improved, and the living environment of the people was correspondingly improved. Compared with the previous generation, the level of furniture manufacturing has been greatly improved, especially in the wood processing, the appearance of Luban, a skilled craftsman, not only promotes the development of furniture, but also played their talent, wood structure, Due to the advancement of metallurgical technology, the improvement of ironmaking technology has brought about tremendous changes in wood processing. Mr. Lu Ban invented a large number of processing equipment and tools such as saws, axes, drills, chisels, shovels, and planes, which brought convenience to the manufacture of furniture. The improvement of the process also promoted the improvement of furniture.
The people’s level of technological manufacturing has greatly improved and changed. This period opened the precedent of the later furniture carving. To sum up, there are four major contributions: First, the most famous carpenter Luban; Second, the emergence of the bed of the most important friend of mankind; Third, iron axes, the emergence of sawing, drilling tools; Four sculptures have been widely used in furniture decoration; There are reliefs and openwork. III. Qin and Qin Han Period: Sitting on the Basis of Pedal
During the Qin and Qin and Han dynasties, several boxes of clothes hangers and beds were very short, usually sitting on the floor, gradually deepening in the western regions, and the frequent incoming beds. Hu Chuang is a form of Mazza sitting. Later developed into a folding stool, chair, sitting behind a foot, to lay the foundation for the rescue of bandy legs. Fourth, Wei, Yi, South and North Dynasties: the appearance of tall furniture
From the Western Jin Dynasty, the concept of etiquette gradually weakened. To the north and south, gradually formed a high pedal seat. There are high-end furniture such as wharfs, chairs, and stools, a basket (box), Taketo furniture, etc. It is decorated with wooden furniture made of green paint. The paint will break the pattern of Buddhism, Hidaka, Lotus, and Honeysuckle, and the appearance of the fly line. V. Sui and Tang Dynasties and Five Dynasties: During the upscale furniture festival, the development of high and shaped furniture coexists.
The real prosperity period was in the Tang Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty, there was a spirit of vigorous and enterprising. After long-term wars and displacements, after the unification of rivers and mountains where people's life was raging, Zhenguan brought an unprecedented prosperity and social stability culture. In this social context, the characteristics of Tang Dynasty furniture indicate its thickness, fullness, width and stability. Its weight and momentum are quite large, but there is no change in technology and variety. Nobility's furniture is richer, especially decorative.
During this period, the appearance of complicated carving furniture, and lacquer paintings, were painted with floral motifs. From the Dunhuang frescoes of the Tang Dynasty, besides the drums, lotus seats, and rattan piers, you can also see the simple and elegant foot pedals, the song-foot case, the Alice head case, and more elegant and clean literary pursuits. So the vertical screen and multi-screen decoration of this period. Do not change the bed type, according to the previous form, with box-bed, bed, bed frame screen platform, independent main sofa. In the late Tang and the Five Dynasties, the pursuit of luxurious literati and aristocratic families in fashion life, many of the major social events were recorded and hosted by the master painter, which provided us with a very reliable image data for our research and study of the people's living environment.
The five-generation painter Gu Hongzhong's Han Xizai night banquet picture is a good example for us, and the pictures clearly show the use of five generations of furniture, which is composed of a straight back chair, support and screens, beds, sofas, docks and so on. The complete and concise form of furniture in the Tang Dynasty also foreshadowed the early forms of Ming-style furniture, laying the foundation for the perfect stage of Chinese historical furniture.
Related reading: Six, the Song and Yuan Dynasties: The shape and height of furniture are more complicated.
The furniture of the Song Dynasty from the framework structure replaced the box-type door structure during the Sui and Tang Dynasties and began to be decorated with waist, legs, feet, horseshoe, and grasshopper Yun Xinglian health care; while the use of the process is effective, then the overlord's short leg and other parts In order to make the local decoration, its simple concept of Gangzhi, it is meaningful to combine the connection between most components, pay attention to the size and structure of the human body, make the structure more reasonable, the relationship between the furniture, and do not make a large area of ​​sculpture decoration. The aesthetic and elegance, with simplicity and clarity.
Relatively speaking, in a shorter period of time, the Yuan Dynasty, made by the Han Dynasty, so the ruler of the policy, not only in the political and economic system inherited Song, Liao and Jin, furniture is also insisted on the VOD system, technology and design are not Big change. Although the supreme ruler in the Yuan Dynasty was Mongolian, traditional culture was not interrupted, furniture was still developing slowly, and Song and Liao Dynasty. This is an obvious link between Song and Ming. In the Yuan Dynasty, craftsmen made two innovative attempts. No table image table, mural tomb, he really high waist, do not leave the desktop. The second is the drawer table, the drawer of the idea of ​​the desktop drawer, after the Ming Dynasty, followed by the Qing Dynasty. VII. The Ming Dynasty: The Prosperous Period of Chinese Furniture
In the Ming Dynasty, Chinese furniture entered a complete period and formed a unique style, known as Ming-style furniture.
Ancient literati's understanding of life is very primitive, and the styling and processing of products are more severe. It promoted the evolution of Chinese furniture from form to charm and brought Chinese furniture art to the top. In addition to high-quality wood, it is mainly the precision and science of concrete structures. VIII. Qing Dynasty: The decline of Chinese furniture was unprecedented in the history of decoration.
In the early Qing Dynasty, the furniture inherited the style of the Ming Dynasty and was rich in materials. In addition to the use of hardwood, high-quality cork was also selected. During the Qianlong period, furniture production reached its peak, and the types of decoration technology were unprecedented.
In summary, it can be summarized as three points: First, various materials and use. Whether carving, inlaying, painting, painting, or bone, wood, bamboo, jade, porcelain, francs, all furniture decoration services; the second is a combination of various processes combined relief. Engraved, carved and inlaid, carved inlaid gold-plated, carved blocks combined with three concert decorations. The pursuit of prosperity and wealth, but some of the extravagant pursuit of luxury, it seems cumbersome.
{Abstract}: The characteristics of Chinese ancient furniture are that it not only enhances the value of its service to human beings in different historical periods, but also embodies different artistic styles formed under specific circumstances. The presence of furniture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties embodies exquisite craft values, high appreciation of art, and heavy historical and cultural values. This makes furniture one of the cultural pride of the Chinese nation and cherished.
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